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Related Concept Videos

Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

11.4K
The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

548
Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

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Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
267
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Mitral Stenosis IV: Nursing Management01:27

Mitral Stenosis IV: Nursing Management

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A comprehensive nursing assessment is essential for patients with valvular heart disease, which involves any dysfunction of the heart valves that could impact blood flow and overall heart function.Subjective Data Collection:Chief Complaint and Present Illness: Start with the patient's primary concerns, focusing on the onset, duration, and progression of cardiac symptoms such as dyspnea, fatigue, chest pain, and palpitations.Past Medical History: Collect detailed information on any previous...
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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

A Rabbit Aortic Valve Stenosis Model Induced by Direct Balloon Injury
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A Rabbit Aortic Valve Stenosis Model Induced by Direct Balloon Injury

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Congenital Aortic Valve Stenosis.

Gautam K Singh1,2

  • 1Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Campus Box 8116-NWT, 1 Children's Place, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA. singh_g@wustl.edu.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Congenital aortic valve stenosis in children can cause heart failure or sudden death. Intervention is recommended for symptomatic cases or severe obstruction, often requiring repeat procedures.

Keywords:
balloon aortic valvuloplastycongenital aortic stenosiscongenital heart diseasesurgical aortic valvuloplasty

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Congenital Heart Defects
  • Cardiovascular Surgery

Background:

  • Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is a congenital heart defect.
  • It causes significant left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
  • AVS has a progressive course, affecting neonates to adolescents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the clinical presentation and management of pediatric aortic valve stenosis.
  • To highlight the indications for intervention in children with AVS.
  • To underscore the potential need for reintervention in affected individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pediatric aortic valve stenosis.
  • Analysis of clinical outcomes and treatment strategies.
  • Synthesis of data regarding symptomatic presentation and obstruction severity.

Main Results:

  • Neonates and young infants often present with congestive heart failure.
  • Older children may be asymptomatic but face a risk of sudden death.
  • Moderate to severe obstruction necessitates intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Aortic valve stenosis requires timely intervention in pediatric patients.
  • Symptomatic patients or those with severe obstruction benefit from transcatheter or surgical procedures.
  • Long-term follow-up is crucial due to the potential need for reintervention.