Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Social Psychology and Individual Behavior01:29

Social Psychology and Individual Behavior

286
Social psychology examines how group dynamics, emotions, and cultural influences shape individual actions and decision-making. These elements interact to form behavioral patterns that affect personal choices and social interactions.The Role of Group DynamicsGroups play a crucial role in shaping behavior by reinforcing norms and expectations. Individuals derive a sense of self from group membership, often aligning their behaviors with group norms to maintain social cohesion. For example, an...
286
Causes of Social Behavior I: Actions and Characteristics of Individuals01:30

Causes of Social Behavior I: Actions and Characteristics of Individuals

285
The actions and characteristics of others heavily influence the causes of social behaviors. Emotional expressions serve as powerful social signals, shaping behaviors and interactions in significant ways. Whether through direct observation or subconscious processing, individuals constantly adjust their responses based on the emotions and attributes of those around them.Emotional Cues and Social ResponsesFacial expressions, tone of voice, and body language provide crucial emotional cues that...
285
Lung Capacity01:47

Lung Capacity

56.2K
The air in the lungs is measured in volumes and capacities. Lung volume measures reflect the amount of air taken in, released, or left over after a lung function, like a single inhalation. Lung capacity measures are sums of two or more lung volume measures.
56.2K
Non-Verbal Cues01:29

Non-Verbal Cues

309
Non-verbal communication extends beyond gestures and facial expressions to include vocal elements known as paralanguage. Paralanguage consists of non-verbal vocal cues such as pitch, loudness, speech rate, pauses, and non-verbal vocalizations like laughter, sighs, and moans. These elements not only accompany speech but also provide critical emotional and contextual information.The Role of Paralanguage in CommunicationParalanguage adds depth to spoken language by conveying emotions and...
309
Impact of Individuals on Individuals01:30

Impact of Individuals on Individuals

372
Human behavior is intricately shaped by social influences that arise from interactions with others in diverse contexts. These influences not only mold beliefs and attitudes but also drive the regulation of behaviors through both direct communication and observational learning. The study of these processes falls within the domain of social psychology, which seeks to understand how individuals are affected by and affect those around them.Mechanisms of Social InfluenceDirect social influence...
372
What is Behavior?00:54

What is Behavior?

10.2K
Behaviors are actions that an organism engages in—they can be related to finding food, reproducing, defending against threats, and many other possible actions. Behaviors include activities related to the environment around the animal—such as migration—as well as social interactions within a species or population. Many behaviors involve motor output—that is, muscle movements—while others involve less visible actions, such as learning.
10.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Transcranial magnetic stimulation in multiple sclerosis: Targeting symptoms through neuroplasticity.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2026
Same author

Response to Shala: Temporal predictability of pain shapes motor system inhibition.

Pain·2026
Same author

The role of outcome affective value in driving human Pavlovian learning.

Journal of experimental psychology. Animal learning and cognition·2026
Same author

Psychometric properties of the Usability and Acceptability Scale (UAS) for evaluating digital tools in children and adolescent users.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same author

Fear learning in unmedicated patients with anxiety disorders: a comparison of delay conditioning, fear reversal, and trace conditioning.

Translational psychiatry·2026
Same author

Motor activation in cue-guided behavior: Neural evidence from human Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT).

NeuroImage·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Combining Behavior and EEG to Study the Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Episodic Memory
08:16

Combining Behavior and EEG to Study the Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Episodic Memory

Published on: May 11, 2020

8.9K

Individual differences in working memory capacity and cue-guided behavior in humans.

Sara Garofalo1, Simone Battaglia2, Giuseppe di Pellegrino2

  • 1Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. sara.garofalo@unibo.it.

Scientific Reports
|May 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Working memory influences Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer (PIT), specifically outcome-specific PIT, by affecting choice balance rather than learning acquisition. This finding offers insights into behavior guidance mechanisms.

More Related Videos

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents
09:01

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents

Published on: July 8, 2015

13.1K
Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR
09:03

Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR

Published on: May 29, 2014

12.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Combining Behavior and EEG to Study the Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Episodic Memory
08:16

Combining Behavior and EEG to Study the Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Episodic Memory

Published on: May 11, 2020

8.9K
The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents
09:01

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents

Published on: July 8, 2015

13.1K
Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR
09:03

Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR

Published on: May 29, 2014

12.0K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Psychology
  • Learning Sciences

Background:

  • Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer (PIT) integrates information from Pavlovian and instrumental learning to guide behavior.
  • Appetitive PIT involves reward-associated cues enhancing instrumental responses, with distinctions between outcome-specific and general PIT.
  • The underlying mechanisms of PIT and its relation to higher cognitive functions like working memory remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between individual differences in working memory capacity and the two forms of appetitive PIT: outcome-specific and general.
  • To determine if working memory influences the acquisition of learning contingencies or the expression of the PIT effect.

Main Methods:

  • A classical Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer (PIT) paradigm was employed.
  • 100 participants completed the PIT task.
  • Individual differences in working memory were assessed.

Main Results:

  • A significant relationship was found between individual working memory capacity and outcome-specific PIT.
  • No significant relationship was observed between working memory capacity and general PIT.
  • Working memory's role was linked to an imbalance in congruent versus incongruent choices, not to the initial learning of associations.

Conclusions:

  • Individual working memory capacity modulates outcome-specific PIT, suggesting a role in regulating behavior based on learned associations.
  • The findings highlight that working memory impacts the expression of PIT, particularly in balancing choices, rather than the fundamental learning process.
  • Understanding this relationship has implications for both adaptive and maladaptive behavioral regulation.