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Histone Modification02:32

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
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Behavioral approaches have often been criticized for ignoring mental processes and focusing solely on observable behavior. However, these approaches provide an optimistic perspective for individuals seeking to change their behaviors. Rather than concentrating on intrinsic personality traits, behavioral approaches suggest that even longstanding habits can be modified by changing the reward contingencies that maintain them.
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Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for...
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Modification of secretory and transmembrane proteins entering the rough ER begins in the ER lumen. These modifications aid in protein folding and stabilize the acquired tertiary structure. Protein modifications in the rough ER co-occur at different stages of protein folding.
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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World
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[Modification and Performance Tests of Visibility Parameterizations for Haze Days].

Xiu-Juan Zhao1, Zi-Ming Li2, Jing Xu1

  • 1Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China.

Huan Jing Ke Xue= Huanjing Kexue
|May 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A new visibility parameterization scheme (S1) using aerosol volume concentration and relative humidity (RH) shows superior performance for haze forecasting in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region compared to other models. This improved scheme offers better accuracy, especially during heavy haze events.

Keywords:
hazenumerical forecastparameterization schemeperformance testvisibility

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Meteorology

Context:

  • The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region faces significant air quality challenges, particularly concerning visibility reduction due to haze.
  • Accurate visibility forecasting is crucial for public health, transportation, and environmental management in this densely populated area.

Purpose:

  • To develop and evaluate a modified visibility parameterization scheme (S1) for improved forecasting in the BTH region.
  • To compare the performance of the new scheme (S1) against existing methods (S2: PM2.5 and RH; S3: Mie theory) using the RMAPS-CHEM model.

Summary:

  • The study found that the modified scheme (S1), based on aerosol volume concentration and relative humidity (RH), accurately forecasts PM2.5 concentrations and RH in the BTH region.
  • All three schemes predicted visibility trends well, but S1 demonstrated the lowest root mean squared error (RMSE) and normalized mean error (NME) in most BTH areas.
  • S1 showed the best performance for visibility below 10 km, particularly during heavy haze episodes, making it ideal for haze forecasting in the BTH region.

Impact:

  • The developed visibility parameterization scheme (S1) offers a more accurate tool for forecasting visibility, especially during haze events in the BTH region.
  • This improved forecasting capability can aid in developing more effective air pollution control strategies and public advisories.
  • The findings contribute to the advancement of air quality modeling and prediction systems for complex urban environments.