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Characterization of phytohormone and transcriptome reprogramming profiles during maize early kernel development.

Chuanyu Ma1, Bo Li1, Lina Wang1

  • 1National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.

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|May 16, 2019
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Summary

Maize kernel size is influenced by phytohormones and gene expression. Lower indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and earlier gene activation in smaller kernels suggest delayed development, impacting final kernel size.

Keywords:
AuxinDefense responseMaize early kernel developmentPhytohormoneTranscriptome reprogramming

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Maize kernel development involves significant transcriptional changes.
  • Phytohormones are crucial regulators of these developmental processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate phytohormone levels and transcriptome reprogramming during early maize kernel development.
  • To compare these profiles in two maize inbred lines with different mature kernel sizes (ILa and ILb).

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of phytohormone levels (IAA, SA) at different developmental stages (5-10 DAP).
  • Transcriptome profiling using RNA sequencing.
  • Functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes.

Main Results:

  • Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels increased from 5 to 10 DAP.
  • Smaller kernels (ILa) showed lower IAA and higher salicylic acid (SA) levels at 10 DAP compared to larger kernels (ILb).
  • Transcriptome differences between ILa and ILb peaked at 8 DAP, with major variations in stress response genes.
  • Earlier onset of transcriptional reprogramming and enrichment in 'plant hormone signal transduction' and 'starch and sucrose metabolism' was observed in ILa.

Conclusions:

  • Later onset and sustained activity of key functional categories, including phytohormone signaling and carbohydrate metabolism, are linked to larger kernel size.
  • Phytohormone levels and the timing of gene expression significantly regulate maize kernel development.