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Improving autism perinatal risk factors: A systematic review
Jenna Cheng1, Brenda Eskenazi2, Felicia Widjaja3
1Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine Health-Millcreek Community Hospital, Erie, PA 16509, United States.
Medical Hypotheses
|May 16, 2019
Summary
Perinatal interventions like folate, omega-3, and vitamin D may reduce autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk. Early interventions during pregnancy and postpartum show promise for improving neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Biology
- Public Health
Background:
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) arises from complex gene-environment interactions during neurodevelopment.
- Perinatal factors significantly influence neurodevelopmental trajectories.
- Strengthening resilience during the perinatal period may offer avenues for ASD prevention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review perinatal factors and interventions associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) development.
- To identify strategies that may improve neurodevelopmental outcomes in at-risk pregnancies.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of MEDLINE-indexed literature (2005-2018) using terms related to autism, perinatal factors, and interventions.
- Focused on meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and randomized controlled trials concerning parental health, infections, medications, and environmental stressors.
- Included interventions such as supplements, breastfeeding, and stress reduction.
Main Results:
- Several perinatal factors are linked to reduced risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including ASD.
- Key interventions include folate, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D3 supplementation, environmental toxin avoidance, and addressing nutritional deficiencies.
- Prolonged breastfeeding and immune-boosting strategies also show potential benefits.
Conclusions:
- Individual components and uncontrolled practices suggest potential for multiple interventions.
- A combination of preconception, prenatal, and infancy interventions may improve outcomes in pregnancies at risk for ASD.
- Further research into comprehensive, multi-faceted interventions is warranted.
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