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Transfecting and Nucleofecting Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Epigenetic aberrations in human pluripotent stem cells.

Shiran Bar1, Nissim Benvenisty2

  • 1Department of Genetics, The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.

The EMBO Journal
|May 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) accumulate epigenetic abnormalities like altered DNA methylation and imprinting during in vitro culture. This review details these changes, their origins, detection methods, and impacts on hPSC applications.

Keywords:
DNA methylationX chromosome inactivationepigenetic alterationshuman pluripotent stem cellsimprinting

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are vital for studying human development, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine.
  • While genetic aberrations in hPSCs are documented, epigenetic alterations are less understood.
  • Epigenetic changes can impact the safety and efficacy of hPSC-based therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review frequent epigenetic aberrations in hPSCs (both human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells).
  • To discuss the origins and detection methods for these epigenetic abnormalities.
  • To elaborate on the consequences of epigenetic alterations for hPSC applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on hPSCs and epigenetic alterations.
  • Analysis of common epigenetic changes including DNA methylation, imprinting, and X chromosome inactivation.
  • Survey of methods for detecting epigenetic abnormalities in pluripotent stem cells.

Main Results:

  • Frequent epigenetic aberrations, including DNA methylation pattern changes, parental imprinting errors, and X chromosome inactivation issues, are observed in hPSCs.
  • These abnormalities can arise during the in vitro culture of hESCs and hiPSCs.
  • Various molecular techniques are available for detecting these epigenetic alterations.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic aberrations are a significant concern in hPSC research and clinical applications.
  • Understanding and monitoring these changes is crucial for ensuring the reliability of hPSC models and therapies.
  • Further research is needed to mitigate or correct epigenetic abnormalities in hPSCs.