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Related Concept Videos

Range00:59

Range

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The range is one of the measures of variation. It can be defined as the difference between a dataset's highest and lowest values. For example, in the study of seven 16-ounce soda cans, the filled volume of soda was measured, thus producing the following amount (in ounces) of soda:
15.9; 16.1; 15.2; 14.8; 15.8; 15.9; 16.0; 15.5
Measurements of the amount of soda in a 16-ounce can vary since different subjects record these measurements or since the exact amount - 16 ounces of liquid, was not...
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Energy to Drive Translocation01:37

Energy to Drive Translocation

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Mitochondrial protein import is powered by two distinct energy sources: ATP hydrolysis and electrochemical potential across the inner membrane. Newly synthesized precursors are bound by cytosolic chaperones of the Hsp70 family, which guide them to the import receptors on the mitochondrial surface. Utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis, Hsp70 chaperones transfer these precursors to the TOM receptors on the mitochondrial outer membrane.
Generally, polypeptides are unfolded by two distinct...
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Variation: Normal Distribution, Range, and Standard Deviation02:32

Variation: Normal Distribution, Range, and Standard Deviation

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In the field of psychology, there are several ways to organize measurements of a trait, feature, or characteristic (i.e., variables). Qualitative data, such as ethnicity, can be tabulated into a frequency count to provide information about the proportion, as well as the variety of groups in a sample or population. On the other hand, researchers can perform a wider set of calculations on quantitative data. The mean, mode, and median, for instance, are central tendency measures to identify a...
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¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

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The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
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M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis

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Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...
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Defining Psychology01:24

Defining Psychology

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Psychology is the scientific discipline dedicated to understanding both observable behavior and the internal mental processes underlying such behavior. It aims to comprehend human nature and apply this understanding to solve practical problems, enhance well-being, and improve societal outcomes. An example of psychology's application is the study of prosocial behavior, such as why and under what conditions individuals might help strangers in need. This process involves describing observed...
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Driving Under the Influence: How Music Listening Affects Driving Behaviors
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Driving Pressure: Defining the Range.

Arianne K Baldomero1,2, Paula K Skarda3,4, John J Marini2,3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Section, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota. baldo004@umn.edu.

Respiratory Care
|May 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tidal driving pressure (ΔP) optimization is crucial for lung protection. This study found that ΔP often exceeds safety thresholds in routine mechanical ventilation, especially during passive breathing, highlighting the need for careful monitoring.

Keywords:
driving pressurelung injuryrespiratory failureventilator settingsventilator-induced lung injuryventilators, mechanical

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Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Respiratory Therapy
  • Mechanical Ventilation

Background:

  • Lung-protective ventilation strategies traditionally focus on tidal volume (VT) and plateau pressure (Pplat).
  • Recent evidence suggests tidal driving pressure (ΔP) may be a superior target for preventing ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI).
  • Limited data exist on the typical ranges and variability of ΔP in clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document the observed ranges of ΔP in mechanically ventilated patients receiving routine care.
  • To assess ΔP variability over the initial 24 hours in the ICU.
  • To compare ΔP between passive and triggered breathing modes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective, observational study of intubated patients in a community hospital.
  • Data extracted from electronic medical records for the first 24 hours in the ICU.
  • Mechanical ventilation parameters, including Pplat, were recorded and validated.

Main Results:

  • Mean ΔP was significantly higher at Time 1 (16.1 cm H2O) compared to Time 2 (14.5 cm H2O) and Time 3 (14.8 cm H2O).
  • At all time points, median ΔP was higher during passive breathing compared to triggered breathing.
  • The widest difference in ΔP between passive and triggered breaths occurred at Time 1 (17.2 vs 14.9 cm H2O).

Conclusions:

  • Routine mechanical ventilation practices, focusing solely on VT and Pplat, may violate recommended ΔP safety thresholds.
  • ΔP is consistently lower during triggered breathing cycles compared to passive ones.
  • Close attention to ventilator triggering is essential, particularly in the early stages of mechanical ventilation, for accurate ΔP assessment and lung protection.