[Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus]

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a representative autoimmune disease that is characterized by a variety of manifestations affecting multiple organs. Damage to the central nervous system is one example of how SLE can manifest and cause significant morbidity and mortality. The American College of Rheumatology defines neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) as involving the central and peripheral nervous systems, which can include overt symptoms such as stroke, seizures, and psychosis. Recommendations from the international task force regarding the treat-to-target approach in SLE include targeting remission, preventing further damage, and improving quality of life. When a patient exhibits high disease activity and organ damage, treatment is initiated with a high dose of glucocorticoid and immunosuppressants. Recent innovative approaches to treatment include using biologics and JAK inhibitors, with high expectations of improving SLE management.