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Related Concept Videos

Reduced Mass Coordinates: Isolated Two-body Problem01:12

Reduced Mass Coordinates: Isolated Two-body Problem

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In classical mechanics, the two-body problem is one of the fundamental problems describing the motion of two interacting bodies under gravity or any other central force. When considering the motion of two bodies, one of the most important concepts is the reduced mass coordinates, a quantity that allows the two-body problem to be solved like a single-body problem. In these circumstances, it is assumed that a single body with reduced mass revolves around another body fixed in a position with an...
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Atomic Mass01:52

Atomic Mass

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Atoms — and the protons, neutrons, and electrons that compose them — are extremely small. For example, a carbon atom weighs less than 2 × 10−23 g. When describing the properties of tiny objects such as atoms, we use appropriately small units of measure, such as the atomic mass unit (amu). The amu was originally defined based on hydrogen, the lightest element, then later in terms of oxygen. Since 1961, it has been defined with regard to the most abundant isotope of carbon, atoms of which...
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Molar Mass01:54

Molar Mass

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The identity of a substance is defined not only by the types of atoms or ions it contains but by the quantity of each type of atom or ion. For example, water, H2O, and hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, are alike in that their respective molecules are composed of hydrogen and oxygen atoms. However, because a hydrogen peroxide molecule contains two oxygen atoms, as opposed to the water molecule, which has only one, the two substances exhibit very different properties.
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Body Temperature01:07

Body Temperature

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Body temperature reflects the equilibrium between heat production and heat loss within the body. Most heat is generated by metabolically active tissues, particularly the liver, heart, brain, kidneys, and endocrine organs. At rest, skeletal muscles contribute 20–30% of total heat production, but during vigorous exercise, this can increase up to 30–40 times.
The average body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F) and typically ranges from 36.1–37.2°C...
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Body Temperature01:25

Body Temperature

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The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
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Centroid of a Body01:16

Centroid of a Body

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The centroid is an important concept in engineering, physics, and mechanics. It is the geometric center of a body. It always lies within the body except in cases with holes or cavities. When the material that a body is composed of is uniform or homogeneous, the centroid coincides with its center of mass or the center of gravity.
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Body Mass Index and Mortality.

Hye Jin Yoo1

  • 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.

Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome
|May 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The link between obesity and mortality is debated. While some studies suggest an "obesity paradox," recent research indicates increased mortality risk for overweight and obese individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Chronic Disease Management

Background:

  • Obesity prevalence is rising globally, recognized as a risk factor for hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia.
  • The association between obesity and all-cause mortality is a subject of ongoing scientific debate.
  • Previous studies suggested a 'U-shaped' relationship, implying an obesity paradox where excess weight might not increase mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key epidemiological studies on obesity and mortality.
  • To critically examine the causes and implications of the obesity paradox.
  • To provide guidance on interpreting clinical evidence regarding obesity and mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of major epidemiological studies.
Keywords:
Body mass indexMortalityObesityWaist circumference

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  • Analysis of meta-analyses and large-scale cohort studies.
  • Critical evaluation of methodologies and findings related to obesity and mortality.
  • Main Results:

    • Contradictory findings exist regarding the obesity-mortality association.
    • Some recent large-scale meta-analyses report increased all-cause mortality in both overweight and obese individuals.
    • The existence and interpretation of the 'obesity paradox' remain contentious.

    Conclusions:

    • The relationship between obesity and all-cause mortality requires careful consideration of study methodologies.
    • Recent evidence challenges the notion of a widespread obesity paradox.
    • Further research and cautious interpretation are needed for obesity and mortality data.