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Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Design and Development of Aptamer–Gold Nanoparticle Based Colorimetric Assays for In-the-field Applications
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Aptamer-based fluorescence polarization assay for separation-free exosome quantification.

Zhen Zhang1, Chuanhao Tang2, Libo Zhao3

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. xfang@iccas.ac.cn zhangzhen@iccas.ac.cn.

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|May 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new aptamer-based assay for quantifying tumor-derived exosomes in blood. This sensitive, rapid method aids in non-invasive cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanomedicine
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Tumor-derived exosomes are crucial biomarkers for non-invasive cancer diagnosis and monitoring treatment efficacy.
  • Current methods for exosome identification and quantification in clinical samples face challenges in balancing specificity and efficiency.
  • A need exists for sensitive, direct, and efficient exosome detection methods in biological fluids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an aptamer-based fluorescence polarization assay for the direct quantification of exosomes in human plasma.
  • To establish a sensitive, rapid, and separation-free method for exosome detection and analysis.
  • To demonstrate the utility of the assay in distinguishing between cancer patients and healthy individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an aptamer-based fluorescence polarization assay utilizing aptamer affinity for exosome membrane proteins.
  • Exosomes act as inherent mass-based amplifiers in the fluorescence polarization signal.
  • The assay is a mix-and-read format, requiring no pre-separation or amplification steps.

Main Results:

  • The assay enables quantitative analysis of exosomes in the range of 5 × 10^2 to 5 × 10^5 particles/μL.
  • A detection limit of 500 particles/μL was achieved for cell line-derived exosomes.
  • The assay demonstrated high sensitivity and a total assay time of approximately 30 minutes.
  • Successful quantification of exosomes from lung cancer patients and healthy donors in clinical plasma samples was achieved.

Conclusions:

  • The developed aptamer-based fluorescence polarization assay offers a novel, simple, and sensitive approach for direct exosome quantification in biological matrices.
  • This method represents a significant advancement for liquid biopsy applications, facilitating early cancer diagnosis and therapy monitoring.
  • The assay's efficiency and speed hold promise for routine clinical use in cancer management.