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Implications of environmental and pathogen-specific determinants on clinical presentations and disease outcome in

Tushar Shaw1, Chaitanya Tellapragada1, Asha Kamath2

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.

Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases
|May 16, 2019
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Melioidosis epidemiology in South India reveals that pathogen virulence and ecological factors drive disease variations. Specific bacterial genotypes and host factors like renal dysfunction influence severe melioidosis and mortality.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Molecular Epidemiology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Melioidosis is an emerging infectious disease with high mortality.
  • Its molecular epidemiology outside endemic areas like Thailand and Australia is poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular epidemiology of melioidosis in South India.
  • To determine host and pathogen factors influencing clinical presentation and outcomes.
  • To analyze temporal variations and ecological influences on bacterial genotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of clinical data and 199 *Bacillus pseudomallei* isolates from South India (2006-2016).
  • Identification of bacterial virulence determinants and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) genotypes.
  • Correlation of clinical data with bacterial genotypes and environmental factors (rainfall, humidity).

Main Results:

  • Severe melioidosis (85%) was common, associated with renal dysfunction and the BimABm variant.
  • Diabetes mellitus, septicemic melioidosis, and LPSB genotype were independent risk factors for mortality.
  • LPSB (74%) and LPSA (20.6%) were prevalent genotypes, showing temporal variations linked to rainfall and humidity.

Conclusions:

  • Pathogen-specific virulence traits, influenced by ecological factors, are key drivers of melioidosis geographical variations.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for managing melioidosis in non-endemic regions.

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