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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Microfluidic Device for Recreating a Tumor Microenvironment in Vitro
Published on: November 20, 2011
The multifaceted effects of metformin on tumor microenvironment
Ivana Kurelac1, Nikkitha Umesh Ganesh1, Maria Iorio1
1Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
Abstract:
The efficacy of metformin in treating cancer has been extensively investigated since epidemiologic studies associated this anti-diabetic drug with a lower risk of cancer incidence. Since tumors are complex systems, in which cancer cells coexist and interact with several different types of non-malignant cells, it is not surprising that anti-cancer drugs affect not only cancer cells, but also the abundance and functions of cells of the tumor microenvironment. Recent years have seen a wide collection of reports showing how metformin, as well as other complex I inhibitors, may influence cancer progression by modulating the phenotype of non-transformed cells in a tumor. In this review, we particularly focus on the effect of metformin on angiogenesis, cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumor-associated macrophages and cancer immunosuppression.
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