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This summary is machine-generated.

The fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) relates particle motion to thermal forces in equilibrium. This study extends FDT to active suspensions, showing deviations and proposing an effective relation for active Brownian particles (ABPs).

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Area of Science:

  • Colloidal science
  • Soft matter physics
  • Statistical mechanics

Background:

  • The fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) connects equilibrium thermal fluctuations to a system's response to external forces.
  • The Stokes-Einstein-Sutherland (SES) relation quantifies this for passive colloidal suspensions.
  • Active suspensions, being far from equilibrium, may violate FDT due to nonthermal internal stresses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive a general relationship between diffusivity and mobility in colloidal suspensions beyond equilibrium conditions.
  • To identify conditions under which the FDT holds in generic colloidal systems.
  • To quantify FDT deviations in active Brownian particles (ABPs) and propose an effective SES relation.

Main Methods:

  • Generalized Taylor dispersion theory was employed to analyze particle dynamics.
  • Analysis focused on the relationship between particle diffusivity (fluctuation) and mobility (dissipation).
  • Specific conditions for FDT validity were derived, and deviations in ABPs were quantified.

Main Results:

  • A general relationship between diffusivity and mobility was established for non-equilibrium colloidal suspensions.
  • Conditions for the FDT to hold were derived, revealing they may not be met even in simple ABP systems.
  • Deviations from FDT in ABPs were quantified and expressed via an effective SES relation.

Conclusions:

  • The FDT, while fundamental for equilibrium systems, requires careful consideration in active suspensions.
  • Active Brownian particles can exhibit deviations from the FDT due to their inherent energy conversion.
  • An effective SES relation can be formulated to describe the dynamics of active suspensions, incorporating their unique properties.