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Infectious hepatitis in dialysis patients.

N Shusterman, I Singer

    American Journal of Kidney Diseases : the Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation
    |June 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    Hepatitis B infections in dialysis patients have decreased due to antigen screening and isolation. However, non-A, non-B hepatitis remains a concern, highlighting the need for new diagnostic markers and vaccines.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Hepatology
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Infectious hepatitis poses significant risks to patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and healthcare staff.
    • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was initially the primary cause of hepatitis in dialysis settings, leading to chronic infections in patients and acute illness or carrier states in staff.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the impact of hepatitis B control measures in dialysis units.
    • To address the ongoing challenge of non-A, non-B hepatitis in this patient population.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of historical data on hepatitis incidence in dialysis patients and staff.
    • Analysis of the effectiveness of infection control strategies for hepatitis B.
    • Discussion of the current challenges posed by non-A, non-B hepatitis.

    Main Results:

    • Screening for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), blood screening, and isolation techniques significantly reduced hepatitis B incidence.
    • Non-A, non-B hepatitis has emerged as a more prevalent issue in dialysis patients.
    • Blood products remain a major transmission route for non-A, non-B hepatitis, with no specific viral markers identified.

    Conclusions:

    • While hepatitis B is largely controlled in dialysis units, non-A, non-B hepatitis requires continued vigilance and improved control measures.
    • Development of diagnostic markers and vaccines for non-A, non-B hepatitis is crucial for its eventual eradication.

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