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Finding Bugs in Cryptographic Hash Function Implementations.

Nicky Mouha1, Mohammad S Raunak2, D Richard Kuhn3

  • 1National Institute of Standards and Technology. nicky.mouha@nist.gov.

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|May 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new automated testing strategy found bugs in 41 cryptographic hash function implementations from the SHA-3 competition. This includes a serious, previously undiscovered bug in BLAKE implementations that allows message modification without altering the hash value.

Keywords:
Combinatorial TestingCryptographic AlgorithmCryptographic Hash FunctionMetamorphic TestingSHA-3 Competition

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Cryptography
  • Software Engineering

Background:

  • Cryptographic hash functions are vital for digital signatures and security.
  • Testing hash functions is challenging, leading to long-undetected bugs.
  • The NIST hash function competition for SHA-3 provides a valuable dataset of reference implementations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a novel automated testing strategy for cryptographic hash function reference implementations.
  • To identify vulnerabilities and bugs in algorithms submitted to the SHA-3 competition.
  • To improve the reliability and security of widely used cryptographic algorithms.

Main Methods:

  • Developed four new tests: Bit-Contribution Test, Bit-Exclusion Test, and Update Test.
  • Applied combinatorial testing to significantly reduce the test set size while maintaining fault-detection capability.
  • Utilized a fully-automated approach to test 86 reference implementations from the SHA-3 competition.

Main Results:

  • Detected bugs in 41 out of 86 submitted reference implementations.
  • Rediscovered a critical, seven-year-old bug in all BLAKE implementations, enabling undetected message modification.
  • The automated testing strategy proved highly effective in uncovering significant vulnerabilities.

Conclusions:

  • The developed automated testing strategy is effective in identifying critical bugs in cryptographic hash functions.
  • The rediscovery of the BLAKE bug highlights the persistent challenges in hash function security and testing.
  • Further research into automated testing methodologies is crucial for enhancing the security of cryptographic algorithms.