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Related Concept Videos

Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport01:17

Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport

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Pore transport and ion-pair formation are critical mechanisms for the absorption and distribution of drugs in the body.
Pore transport, also known as convective transport, is a process where small molecules like urea, water, and sugars rapidly cross cell membranes as though there were channels or pores in the membrane. Although direct microscopic evidence is limited  but the concept of pores or channels is widely accepted based on physiological evidence. Despite the lack of direct...
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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
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One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
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Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.
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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Nasal Potential Difference to Quantify Trans-epithelial Ion Transport in Mice
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Segmental differences in ion transport in rat cecum.

Ervice Pouokam1, Martin Diener2

  • 1Institute for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.

Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology
|May 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The cecal epithelium exhibits similar ion transport mechanisms in oral and aboral segments. Higher prostaglandin production in the aboral segment drives increased basal ion transport rates.

Keywords:
Cation channelCl− secretionEpitheliumK+ secretionRat cecum

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Epithelial Biology

Background:

  • The ion-transport properties of the cecal epithelium, a key digestive organ in non-ruminant species, remain largely uncharacterized.
  • Previous studies observed distinct basal short-circuit current (Isc) patterns between oral and aboral segments of the rat corpus cecum.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the differences in ion transport mechanisms between the oral and aboral segments of the rat corpus cecum.
  • To characterize the specific ion conductances and their regulation in the cecal epithelium.

Main Methods:

  • Ussing chamber experiments were employed to measure short-circuit current (Isc).
  • Pharmacological agents (bumetanide, tetrodotoxin, indomethacin, amiloride, Ba2+) were used to inhibit specific ion transporters and channels.
  • Ion gradients (Cl-, K+) and secretagogues (carbachol, forskolin) were applied to probe apical membrane conductances.

Main Results:

  • Both cecal segments exhibit spontaneous potassium secretion and carbachol-stimulated apical K+ conductance.
  • Forskolin stimulates electrogenic sodium absorption in both segments, mediated by amiloride-sensitive and TRP channel superfamily members.
  • Indomethacin selectively inhibited basal Isc in the aboral segment, suggesting higher spontaneous prostaglandin production.

Conclusions:

  • The oral and aboral segments of the rat cecum share fundamental electrogenic ion transport mechanisms.
  • Differences in basal ion transport are primarily attributed to higher spontaneous prostaglandin production in the aboral segment.
  • These findings contribute to understanding cecal function in non-ruminant digestion.