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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

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Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
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Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

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Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
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Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

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An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Design and Characterization Methodology for Efficient Wide Range Tunable MEMS Filters
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Tunable Dual Temperature-Pressure Sensing and Parameter Self-Separating Based on Ionic Hydrogel via Multisynergistic

Shuangjiang Feng1, Qiurong Li1, Shuxue Wang1

  • 1School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Appied Chemistry , Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao 066004 , China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|May 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a novel triple-network hydrogel capable of simultaneously sensing pressure and temperature. This advanced wearable sensor offers accurate, integrated dual-signal monitoring for human-machine interactions.

Keywords:
ionic hydrogelmulti-synergistic networksignals self-separatingtemperature−pressure sensingwearable sensor

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Wearable Technology

Background:

  • Developing wearable sensors that mimic skin's multisignal responsiveness, particularly for pressure and temperature, remains a significant challenge.
  • Existing hydrogel sensors often struggle with integrated functionalization for simultaneous detection of multiple stimuli.
  • The need for advanced flexible sensors in human-machine interaction and personalized health monitoring is rapidly growing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a functional ionic hydrogel-based flexible sensor with integrated pressure and temperature sensing capabilities.
  • To overcome the limitations of current wearable sensors in mimicking the complex sensory functions of human skin.
  • To create a sensor that allows for intuitive data reading without complex signal separation.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized a triple-network hydrogel by integrating N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) into a conductive double-network hydrogel composed of polyvinyl alcohol-graphene oxide (PVA-GO) and polyacrylic acid-Fe3+ (PAA-Fe3+).
  • Characterized the hydrogel's electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, and recovery time.
  • Evaluated the sensor's performance for simultaneous pressure and temperature monitoring, focusing on signal separation through differential strain response times.

Main Results:

  • The triple-network hydrogel exhibited excellent conductivity (~170 Ω/mm), mechanical tolerance (1.1 MPa), and rapid recoverability (<0.5 s).
  • The sensor accurately captured simultaneous changes in human body temperature and pressure.
  • The distinct strain response times for pressure (<0.5 s) and temperature (>50 s) enabled automatic electrical signal separation for intuitive data interpretation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed functional hydrogel serves as an integrated dual temperature-pressure-sensitive flexible sensor.
  • The sensor's properties demonstrate significant potential for practical applications in human-machine interactions and personalized multisignal monitoring.
  • This work advances the development of sophisticated wearable sensors capable of mimicking complex biological functions.