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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Lavage-induced Surfactant Depletion in Pigs As a Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ARDS
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Respiratory modulation of peripheral vasoconstriction: a modeling perspective.

Michael C K Khoo1, Patjanaporn Chalacheva1

  • 1Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|May 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Respiration influences peripheral blood flow through various mechanisms, with the sympathetic nervous system playing a key role. Systems theory and mathematical modeling can enhance the analysis of these dynamic interactions.

Keywords:
autonomic nervous systemblood pressureperipheral blood flowphotoplethysmographyphysiological model

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Cardiovascular System
  • Respiratory System

Background:

  • Respiratory sinus arrhythmia and blood pressure variability are well-studied.
  • Respiratory modulation of peripheral blood flow in humans is less understood.
  • Existing research uses noninvasive methods like photoplethysmography and laser-Doppler flowmetry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and interpret findings on respiratory modulation of peripheral blood flow.
  • To highlight the predominant role of the sympathetic nervous system.
  • To propose advanced analytical tools for future research.

Main Methods:

  • Consolidation and interpretation of existing literature.
  • Focus on noninvasive measurements under closed-loop conditions.
  • Application of systems theory and mathematical modeling.

Main Results:

  • Respiration affects peripheral blood flow via mechanical, hemodynamic, and neural mechanisms.
  • The sympathetic nervous system is the primary driver under resting conditions.
  • A transfer relation between respiration and peripheral vascular conductance can be derived.

Conclusions:

  • Further research should utilize systems theory and mathematical modeling.
  • Advanced analytical tools are crucial for extracting dynamic information.
  • Understanding respiratory-Vascular interactions is key for cardiovascular research.