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Human urine contamination with environmental pollutants: simultaneous determination using UPLC-MS/MS.

Asma Beltifa1, Monia Machreki2, Asma Ghorbel3

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Summary

Paraben derivatives, used as preservatives in everyday products, were detected in Tunisian urine samples. Higher concentrations were found in women, indicating widespread human exposure to these endocrine disruptors.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Paraben derivatives are common preservatives in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food.
  • These compounds are recognized as endocrine disruptors (EDCs), necessitating further investigation into human exposure.
  • Understanding paraben exposure is crucial for public health risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the levels of three major paraben derivatives: methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), and propylparaben (PP) in human urine.
  • To assess human exposure to parabens in a Tunisian population across a wide age range.
  • To investigate potential differences in paraben exposure between men and women.

Main Methods:

  • Collection of 200 urine samples from Tunisian men and women aged 5-90 years.
  • Quantification of MP, EP, and PP using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).
  • Statistical analysis of detected paraben concentrations and demographic correlations.

Main Results:

  • Parabens (MP, EP, PP) were detected in 95% of the analyzed urine samples.
  • Detection rates were 57% for MP, 46% for EP, and 40% for PP.
  • Urinary concentrations ranged from 0.51-84.46 ng/mL, with higher levels observed in women compared to men.

Conclusions:

  • Widespread human exposure to parabens from common consumer products is confirmed in the Tunisian population.
  • The higher concentrations in women suggest differential exposure pathways or metabolic differences.
  • Recommendations are made for Tunisian authorities to regulate product composition to mitigate EDC exposure.