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Capacitors and Capacitance

Capacitors and Capacitance

A device consisting of two electrical conductors that are separated by a distance and used to store electrical charges is called a capacitor. The space between the conductors is either a vacuum or an insulating material, called a dielectric. Capacitors have many applications, ranging from filtering static from radio reception to energy storage in heart defibrillators.
When the conductors are two identical parallel plates, it is called a parallel plate capacitor. When battery terminals are...

Equivalent Capacitance

Equivalent Capacitance

Multiple capacitors can be connected in a circuit in series or parallel configuration. When the capacitor combination is connected to a battery, the potential drop across each capacitor and the magnitude of charge stored in the individual capacitor depends on the type of the connection. The capacitor combination is replaced by a single equivalent capacitor that stores the same amount of charge as the combination for a given potential difference.
The following strategies are adopted to calculate...

Equivalent Capacitance

Equivalent Capacitance

From the study of resistive circuits, it is understood that employing a series-parallel combination serves as an effective strategy for simplifying circuits. Capacitors can be arranged within a circuit in one of two ways: a series configuration or a parallel configuration. The way these capacitors are connected to a battery will influence both the potential drop across each individual capacitor and the size of the charge that each capacitor can store. This is determined by the specific type of...

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In electrical power systems, understanding the capacitance of transmission lines is fundamental for efficient operation.
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Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

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In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
The circuit illustrated in Figure 1 below incorporates two op-amps, with the first operating as a voltage follower and the second acting as an inverting amplifier.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Methods for Patch Clamp Capacitance Recordings from the Calyx

Methods for Patch Clamp Capacitance Recordings from the Calyx

Published on: July 29, 2007

3D Interdigitated Microsupercapacitors with Record Areal Cell Capacitance.

Anaïs Ferris^1,2, David Bourrier¹, Sébastien Garbarino^2,3

¹LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400, Toulouse, France.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|May 17, 2019

Summary

Researchers developed 3D interdigitated microsupercapacitors for enhanced energy storage. These devices offer record energy density, addressing limitations of current 2D microdevices for electronics.

Keywords:

3D interdigitated microfabrication microsupercapacitors pseudocapacitance

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Last Updated: Jan 24, 2026

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Nanotechnology

Background:

Microsupercapacitors offer high power and long life for small electronics.
Current 2D microsupercapacitors have limited areal energy density.
Advancements are needed for efficient energy storage in microelectronics.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate all-solid-state 3D interdigitated microsupercapacitors on silicon wafers.
To achieve record energy density surpassing existing planar configurations.
To address the limitations of areal energy in microelectronic energy storage.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of 3D interdigitated microsupercapacitors on 4-inch silicon wafers.
Utilized hydrated ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) as pseudocapacitive electrode material.
Deposited RuO2 onto highly porous current collectors for enhanced surface area.

Main Results:

Achieved a cell capacitance of 812 mF cm⁻² per footprint area.
Demonstrated a record energy density of 329 mJ cm⁻² for planar configurations.
Exhibited one of the highest surface energy/power density trade-offs.

Conclusions:

Successfully integrated all-solid-state 3D microsupercapacitors with unprecedented energy density.
The developed technology overcomes the areal energy limitations of 2D microdevices.
These components provide a viable solution for electrical energy storage in modern electronics.