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Related Concept Videos

Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

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The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
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Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

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The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

An Orthotopic Model of Serous Ovarian Cancer in Immunocompetent Mice for in vivo Tumor Imaging and Monitoring of Tumor Immune Responses
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Mucinous Ovarian Tumors.

Anne M Mills1, Elisheva D Shanes1

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, PO Box 800214, 1215 Lee Street, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.

Surgical Pathology Clinics
|May 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ovarian mucinous tumors present diagnostic challenges due to varied morphology and potential for metastasis. Distinguishing primary ovarian tumors from gastrointestinal metastases requires careful evaluation of subtle differences.

Keywords:
Mucinous adenocarcinomaMucinous borderline tumorMucinous cystadenomaOvarian mucinous tumors

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecologic Pathology
  • Surgical Pathology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Ovarian mucinous tumors exhibit diverse morphologies, including intestinal-type and endocervical-type differentiation.
  • Endocervical-type differentiation is controversial due to overlap with "seromucinous" tumors and potential for endocervical metastasis.
  • Differentiating primary ovarian mucinous tumors from gastrointestinal metastases can be diagnostically challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the spectrum of ovarian mucinous tumors.
  • To discuss the diagnostic challenges, particularly distinguishing primary tumors from metastases.
  • To clarify the classification and molecular features of controversial subtypes.

Main Methods:

  • Morphological analysis of ovarian mucinous tumors.
  • Review of literature regarding controversial classifications and metastatic mimics.
  • Comparative analysis of molecular features where applicable.

Main Results:

  • Ovarian mucinous tumors encompass a range from benign to malignant neoplasms.
  • Endocervical-type differentiation shares features with endometrioid tumors and can mimic metastasis.
  • Intestinal-type ovarian mucinous primaries may show subtle morphological differences from gastrointestinal metastases.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate classification of ovarian mucinous tumors is crucial for patient management.
  • Awareness of morphologic overlap and metastatic potential aids in diagnosis.
  • Further molecular studies may help resolve classification controversies.