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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

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Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Menopause and Sleep Apnea.

Elisa Perger1, Paola Mattaliano1, Carolina Lombardi2

  • 1Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Sleep Disorders Center & Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy.

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|May 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is more common in men, but women experience different symptoms and diagnosis challenges. Menopause significantly impacts OSA prevalence and characteristics in women, highlighting crucial gender-specific factors.

Keywords:
GenderMenopauseSleep apneaSleep-related breathing disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent condition linked to cardiovascular issues.
  • Men are more frequently diagnosed with OSA than women due to anatomical and respiratory differences.
  • Gender-specific symptoms in women can lead to underdiagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent research on gender disparities in OSA prevalence, pathogenesis, and clinical presentation.
  • To examine the influence of menopause on OSA phenotypes.
  • To explore the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms driving these gender differences.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on OSA and gender differences.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to OSA in men and women.
  • Investigation into the role of menopause, aging, hormones, and anatomy.

Main Results:

  • Significant gender differences exist in OSA prevalence and symptom reporting.
  • Menopausal status alters OSA phenotypes, reducing the gender gap.
  • Anatomy, hormones, fat distribution, and upper airway collapsibility are key factors.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding gender differences in OSA is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
  • Menopause plays a significant role in the presentation of OSA in women.
  • Further research into sex-specific mechanisms is needed for personalized OSA management.