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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Heart01:27

Anatomy of the Heart

119.5K
The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
119.5K
Anatomy of the Heart01:20

Anatomy of the Heart

2.9K
The heart is a hollow, muscular organ approximately the size of a fist, consisting of four chambers. It is enclosed in the pericardium, a fibrous sac with two layers: the visceral and parietal pericardium, separated by a fluid-filled space containing serous fluid to reduce friction.
The heart has three layers: the innermost endocardium, the muscular myocardium, and the outer epicardium, all working together for optimal cardiac function.
Chambers of the Heart
The heart is made up of four...
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Overview of the Heart01:07

Overview of the Heart

13.2K
The heart, a muscular organ located in the chest, functions as the body's pump, circulating blood through the vascular system. It has four chambers: two atria on top and two ventricles below. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and passes it to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and transfers it to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the rest of the body.
The heart's structure...
13.2K
Conduction System of the Heart01:19

Conduction System of the Heart

12.8K
Autorhythmicity is a term that refers to the heart's inherent ability to generate electrical signals and instigate muscle contractions. This self-regulating conduction system within the heart consists of two key components: the pacemaker cells and specialized conducting cells.
The pacemaker cells are located in two primary nodes: the sinoatrial (SA) node and the atrioventricular (AV) node. The SA node pacemaker cells can autonomously depolarize, triggering an action potential that leads to the...
12.8K
Conduction System of the Heart01:20

Conduction System of the Heart

3.6K
The cardiac conduction system produces and transmits electrical impulses that prompt myocardial contraction, ensuring efficient heart function. This intricate system ensures that the heart beats in a coordinated and efficient manner, beginning with the atria and then the ventricles. The conduction system optimizes cardiac output by maintaining this precise sequence, which is crucial for adequate blood circulation.
This system relies on the unique properties of nodal and Purkinje cells:...
3.6K
Tissue Transplantation01:24

Tissue Transplantation

945
Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

A Modified Method for Heterotopic Mouse Heart Transplantion
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A Modified Method for Heterotopic Mouse Heart Transplantion

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Paediatric heart transplantation: an update.

Zdenka Reinhardt

    Archives of Disease in Childhood
    |May 18, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    Pediatric heart transplantation survival has improved, but complications like rejection and infection remain challenges. Continued research is vital for enhancing long-term outcomes in these young patients.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Pediatric Surgery
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Heart transplantation is a critical treatment for end-stage heart disease in children.
    • Advances in surgical techniques, organ preservation, immunosuppression, and monitoring have improved survival rates.
    • Long-term survival remains limited by complications such as rejection, infection, and cardiac allograft vasculopathy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the current status and outcomes of pediatric heart transplantation.
    • To identify and discuss ongoing challenges in pediatric heart transplantation.
    • To highlight areas for future multidisciplinary scientific efforts.

    Main Methods:

    • This is a review article, synthesizing existing literature and data.
    • Focuses on patient selection, indications, and contraindications.
    Keywords:
    CAVPTLDheart failurepaediatric heart transplantationrejection

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    Heterotopic Cervical Heart Transplantation in Mice
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  • Examines national and international survival statistics and post-transplant complications.

    • Main Results:

    • Survival rates following pediatric heart transplantation have increased over time.
    • Key challenges include graft rejection, infections, renal failure, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease, and cardiac allograft vasculopathy.
    • Quality of life post-transplantation is an important consideration.

    Conclusions:

    • Despite improvements, significant challenges persist in pediatric heart transplantation.
    • Multidisciplinary scientific collaboration is essential for advancing the field.
    • Further research is needed to overcome barriers to long-term survival and improve patient quality of life.