Computerized Cognitive Training to Improve Mood in Senior Living Settings: Design of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Cognitive Psychology
• Clinical Research

Background:

• Cognitive speed of processing (SOP) training has shown promise in improving cognitive function in older adults.
• Previous studies using the 'Road Tour' intervention indicated potential benefits for depression-related outcomes in younger, home-dwelling seniors.
• This study investigated the efficacy of SOP training in a population of older adults residing in assisted living (AL) and independent living (IL) settings.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the effectiveness of a computerized cognitive SOP training program called 'Road Tour' in older adults living in AL and senior housing.
• To examine depression-related outcomes, building on findings from earlier SOP studies with different populations.
• To assess the impact of SOP training on cognitive function and psychological well-being in a senior living community.

Main Methods:

• A randomized controlled trial involving 351 participants from AL and IL settings.
• Participants received either the 'Road Tour' SOP intervention or an attention-control training.
• Outcome measures included cognitive tests (Useful Field of View - UFOV) and self-report questionnaires for depression (PHQ-9, CESD-12), anxiety (GAD-7), pain (BPI), and overall health (SF-36).

Main Results:

• No significant demographic differences between intervention and control groups, except for education and osteoporosis.
• Participants in AL settings demonstrated significantly lower SOP, poorer self-rated health, and higher levels of depression, anxiety, and pain compared to those in IL settings.
• Baseline outcome measures did not differ significantly between the intervention and control groups.

Conclusions:

• Senior living residents in this study were older, had more health issues, lower cognitive speed, and greater depressive symptoms at baseline compared to participants in prior SOP training studies.
• Assisted living residents experienced more significant health challenges than those in independent living settings.
• The findings suggest that while SOP training may have benefits, the health status of residents in different senior living environments influences outcomes.