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Concise Review: Stem Cell Therapy for Stroke Patients: Are We There Yet?

Cesario V Borlongan1

  • 1Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA.

Stem Cells Translational Medicine
|May 18, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Decades of preclinical stem cell research support clinical trials for stroke. However, recent trials show efficacy is lacking, emphasizing the need for optimal cell therapy regimens and combinations for successful stroke treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Neuroscience
  • Translational Research

Background:

  • Extensive preclinical data support stem cell therapy for stroke.
  • Clinical trials have shown safety but not efficacy of stem cell transplantation in stroke patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current status of stem cell therapy for stroke.
  • To highlight the importance of optimizing transplant parameters for efficacy.
  • To propose future research directions for stem cell-based stroke treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical research and clinical trial data on stem cell therapy for stroke.
  • Analysis of factors influencing stem cell therapy outcomes, including cell dose, timing, and delivery route.
  • Discussion of recommendations from the Stem Cell Therapeutics as an Emerging Paradigm for Stroke and Stroke Treatment Academic Industry Roundtable.

Main Results:

  • Preclinical studies demonstrate stem cell survival, integration, and functional effects in experimental stroke models.
  • Recent clinical trials with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) underscore the critical need for precise adherence to optimal transplant regimens.
  • Efficacy in clinical settings has not yet been consistently demonstrated, despite proven safety.

Conclusions:

  • Translating stem cell therapy for stroke requires strict adherence to basic science findings regarding optimal transplant conditions.
  • Future research should focus on collaborative, NIH-guided consortia to test stem cells and derivatives, potentially in combination with established stroke treatments like thrombolysis or thrombectomy.
  • Experience with MSCs in stroke provides valuable guidance for future stem cell-based regenerative medicine in neurological disorders.
Keywords:
Basic scienceCerebral ischemiaClinicalRegenerative medicineStem cell transplantationTranslation

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