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Related Concept Videos

Oxidation Numbers03:14

Oxidation Numbers

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In redox reactions, the transfer of electrons occurs between reacting species. Electron transfer is described by a hypothetical number called the oxidation number (or oxidation state). It represents the effective charge of an atom or element, which is assigned using a set of rules.
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The alkali metal sodium (atomic number 11) has one more electron than the neon atom. This electron must go into the lowest-energy subshell available, the 3s orbital, giving a 1s22s22p63s1 configuration. The electrons occupying the outermost shell orbital(s) (highest value of n) are called valence electrons, and those occupying the inner shell orbitals are called core electrons. Since the core electron shells correspond to noble gas electron configurations, we can abbreviate electron...
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The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
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Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
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Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle
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Highly efficient plasmon-mediated electron injection into cerium oxide from embedded silver nanoparticles.

Jacopo Stefano Pelli Cresi1, Maria Chiara Spadaro, Sergio D'Addato

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Silver nanoparticles enhance cerium oxide

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Photochemistry

Background:

  • Plasmonic metal nanoparticles (NPs) can sensitize wide band gap oxides to visible light.
  • Efficient charge/energy transfer from NPs to oxides is crucial for applications.
  • Localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) in NPs play a key role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate plasmon-mediated energy transfer from silver NPs to cerium oxide.
  • Evaluate electron transfer efficiency after LSPR excitation.
  • Understand mechanisms for enhanced solar energy conversion.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy.
  • Studied mass-selected silver NPs embedded in a cerium oxide matrix.
  • Probed charge carrier relaxation dynamics post-LSPR excitation.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high plasmon-mediated electron injection efficiencies (6-16%) for silver NPs in cerium oxide.
  • Observed efficient transfer upon excitation between 400-600 nm.
  • Identified both direct and indirect hot electron injection mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Plasmon-mediated electron injection significantly enhances cerium oxide's visible light response.
  • Understanding these transfer mechanisms is key for designing efficient nanomaterials.
  • This work contributes to knowledge-driven design for solar-to-chemical energy conversion.