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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Precision medicine in primary biliary cholangitis.

Vincenzo Ronca1, Alessio Gerussi1, Laura Cristoferi1

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.

Journal of Digestive Diseases
|May 18, 2019
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Summary

Precision medicine offers personalized treatment for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), moving beyond one-size-fits-all care. This approach utilizes patient-specific characteristics for optimal therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
omicsprecision medicineprimary biliary cholangitisrisk stratification

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology and Gastroenterology
  • Translational Medicine
  • Pharmacogenomics

Background:

  • Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) management historically relied on a uniform approach.
  • Recent advancements include second-line therapies like obeticholic acid and risk stratification scores.
  • A paradigm shift towards personalized medicine is emerging for PBC treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current risk stratification tools for primary biliary cholangitis.
  • To explore the application of precision medicine in managing PBC.
  • To outline a pathway for integrating precision medicine into clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical practice guidelines and research on PBC management.
  • Analysis of existing risk stratification scores and their biochemical basis.
  • Discussion of the principles and potential of precision medicine in PBC.

Main Results:

  • Obeticholic acid represents a significant advancement in second-line PBC treatment.
  • Biochemical risk scores aid in stratifying patients with progressive disease.
  • Emerging drug candidates in late-stage trials further support personalized treatment strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Precision medicine promises tailored treatments for PBC based on individual patient profiles.
  • Integrating precision medicine requires leveraging risk stratification and novel therapeutic options.
  • The future of PBC management involves a patient-centered approach for improved outcomes.