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The Resting Membrane Potential01:21

The Resting Membrane Potential

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The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is an ever-changing landscape. It is described as a fluid mosaic where various macromolecules are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. Among the macromolecules are proteins. The protein content varies across cell types. For example, mitochondrial inner membranes contain ~76% protein content, while myelin contains ~18% protein content. Individual cells contain many types of membrane proteins—red blood cells contain over 50—and different cell...
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A cell's plasma membrane demarcates the cell's borders and determines the nature of its interaction with the environment. Cells exclude certain substances, take in others, and excrete some others in controlled quantities. The plasma membrane must be flexible to allow certain cells, such as red and white blood cells, to change their shape while passing through narrow capillaries. These are the more obvious plasma membrane functions. In addition, the plasma membrane's surface carries...
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A key characteristic of life is the ability to separate the external environment from the internal space. To do this, cells have evolved semi-permeable membranes that regulate the passage of biological molecules. Additionally, the cell membrane defines a cell’s shape and interactions with the external environment. Eukaryotic cell membranes also serve to compartmentalize the internal space into organelles, including the endomembrane structures of the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and...
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Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
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Plasma membranes have integral transmembrane proteins involved in facilitated transport. These proteins are collectively referred to as transport proteins, and they function as either channels for the material or as carriers themselves. Channel proteins have hydrophilic domains exposed to the intracellular and extracellular fluids and a hydrophilic channel through their core that provides a hydrated opening for solutes to pass through the membrane layers. Passage through the channel allows...
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Related Experiment Video

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Using Scaffold Liposomes to Reconstitute Lipid-proximal Protein-protein Interactions In Vitro
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Theranostic biocomposite scaffold membrane.

Emmanuel Roussakis1, Roger V Ortines2, Bret L Pinsker2

  • 1(a)Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA.

Biomaterials
|May 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers created a novel oxygen-sensing biocomposite scaffold to monitor wound healing in mice. This biocompatible material allows noninvasive tracking of tissue oxygenation, aiding in diagnostics and therapeutics for better wound care.

Keywords:
Biocompatible and biodegradable scaffoldCollagenDextranHealing markersIn vivo physiological measurement of oxygenationTissue oxygenation

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Millions suffer from acute and chronic wounds, incurring significant healthcare costs.
  • Wound healing assessment can be improved by monitoring biochemical cues and oxygen levels.
  • Biocompatible materials offer potential for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in wound care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel collagen-dextran biocomposite scaffold with integrated oxygen-sensing capabilities.
  • To enable noninvasive, longitudinal monitoring of physiological oxygenation in a preclinical wound healing model.
  • To establish a theranostic platform for assessing and promoting tissue oxygenation during wound repair.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a collagen-dextran biocomposite scaffold incorporating a phosphorescent oxygen sensor.
  • In vivo phosphorescence imaging for monitoring oxygenation in a preclinical mouse wound model.
  • Utilizing a scaffold compatible with standard preclinical in vivo imaging systems.

Main Results:

  • The developed scaffold successfully enabled noninvasive, longitudinal monitoring of oxygenation changes in vivo.
  • The oxygen-sensing biocomposite demonstrated compatibility with existing preclinical imaging instruments.
  • The material proved effective in assessing tissue oxygenation dynamics during wound healing.

Conclusions:

  • A novel oxygen-sensing biocomposite scaffold was successfully developed for wound healing applications.
  • This biocomposite serves as a biocompatible and biodegradable theranostic platform.
  • The technology offers a new capability for promoting and assessing tissue oxygenation in wound management.