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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Nerves: Types Part I01:14

Cranial Nerves: Types Part I

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Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves, with the first six being essential in sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic functions related to the head and neck.
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Cranial Nerves: Types Part II01:22

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Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves. While the first six innervate the head and neck, the latter six nerves innervate the head and neck, as well as organs and tissues in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. They facilitate communication, expression, and autonomic control within the human body.
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Cranial Part of Parasympathetic Division01:18

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The cranial part of the parasympathetic division plays a crucial role in regulating the visceral functions of the head and specific structures in the neck, thoracic, and abdominopelvic cavities. Preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division exit the brain through cranial nerves III (oculomotor), VII (facial), IX (glossopharyngeal), and X (vagus), delivering parasympathetic output to the respective visceral structures.
The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) alone accounts for approximately 75...
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Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

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The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy01:19

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The cranial nerves are an important part of the complex network of nerves in the human body. These nerves emerge directly from the brain and are responsible for transmitting essential information between the brain and various parts of the head and neck. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, systematically numbered using Roman numerals from I to XII, beginning from the anterior and moving to the posterior of the brain. Each cranial nerve is uniquely identified by names that reflect its function...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

5/6 Nephrectomy Using Sharp Bipolectomy Via Midline Laparotomy in Rats
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The Wishbone: A Cranial Midline Localizing Device.

Mario Zanaty1, Matei Banu2, Oliver Flouty1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.

World Neurosurgery
|May 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Wishbone device accurately and quickly localizes the cranial midline for posterior ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) surgery. This simple tool demonstrated high precision in a pilot study, aiding accurate ventricular catheter placement.

Keywords:
Midline localizing deviceParietal shuntPosterior shuntPosterior ventriculoperitoneal shunt

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Medical Devices
  • Surgical Navigation

Background:

  • Accurate localization of the cranial midline is crucial for neurosurgical procedures.
  • Posterior ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) surgery requires precise burr hole site identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the Wishbone device for rapid and accurate localization of the posterior cranial midline.
  • To assess the utility of the Wishbone in guiding ventricular catheter placement during VPS surgery.

Main Methods:

  • The Wishbone, a mechanical device with adjustable caliper arms, was used to identify the posterior midline scalp.
  • Laser illumination aided midline localization.
  • Forty patients undergoing VPS surgery utilized the Wishbone for localization.
  • Postoperative CT scans assessed midline localization and catheter placement accuracy.

Main Results:

  • The Wishbone device is mechanically robust and easy to use, with localization taking under 3 minutes.
  • The average error between Wishbone-localized and anatomical midline was 2.9 mm.
  • All ventricular catheters were placed within the ipsilateral or contralateral frontal horn, with one parenchyma error unrelated to the Wishbone.

Conclusions:

  • The Wishbone offers a simple, efficient, and cost-effective system for accurate posterior cranial midline localization.
  • Further studies with larger patient cohorts are needed to compare its efficacy against frameless stereotaxis methods.