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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings
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Different features are stored independently in visual working memory but mediated by object-based representations.

Yuri A Markov1, Natalia A Tiurina1, Igor S Utochkin1

  • 1National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russia.

Acta Psychologica
|May 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Visual working memory (VWM) may store features independently, but this benefit depends on object integration. When features are linked to the same object, independent storage is preserved, suggesting hierarchical VWM organization.

Keywords:
FeaturesHierarchical encodingObjectsVisual working memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • The debate on visual working memory (VWM) storage units: individual features versus bound objects.
  • Evidence supports both feature-based and object-based storage, alongside hierarchical models.
  • Independent storage of different feature dimensions (e.g., color, orientation) is an argument for feature-based VWM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if lack of cross-dimensional interference in VWM indicates independent feature storage or object-mediated effects.
  • To determine if object integration influences the independence of feature dimension storage in VWM.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments involving participants remembering and recalling colors and orientations of object sets.
  • Independent manipulation of set sizes for color and orientation features.
  • Assignment of features to either spatially integrated or spatially separated objects.

Main Results:

  • Precision and recall probability within a dimension were unaffected by set size manipulations in another dimension for integrated objects.
  • Color set size manipulations impacted orientation memory when features belonged to spatially separated objects.
  • Cross-dimensional interference was observed only when features were separated.

Conclusions:

  • Different feature dimensions can be encoded and stored independently in VWM.
  • The advantage of independent feature storage is mediated by object-based representations.
  • Findings support a hierarchically organized VWM model integrating feature and object information.