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Related Concept Videos

Amino acids03:42

Amino acids

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Amino acids are the monomers that comprise proteins. Each amino acid has the same fundamental structure, which consists of a central carbon atom, or the alpha (α) carbon, bonded to an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and to a hydrogen atom. Every amino acid also has another atom or group of atoms bonded to the central atom known as the R group. There are 20 common amino acids present in proteins, each with a different R group. Variation in the amino acid sequence is responsible for...
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Microorganisms rely on proteins as an essential carbon and energy source, particularly in environments with limited polysaccharides or lipids. However, proteins are too large to cross the plasma membrane unaided, necessitating enzymatic degradation. Microbes secrete extracellular proteases and peptidases that hydrolyze proteins into peptides, which can then be transported across the membrane. Once inside the cell, intracellular proteases degrade these peptides into free amino acids, which...
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Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways01:29

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Amino acid biosynthesis is essential for cell growth, protein synthesis, and metabolic regulation. Cells generate essential and non-essential amino acids from metabolic intermediates to sustain vital biological functions. These intermediates originate from key metabolic pathways: glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Important precursors include α-ketoglutarate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and erythrose-4-phosphate, which...
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Phase II Reactions: Sulfation and Conjugation with α-Amino Acids01:19

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Sulfation and α-amino acid conjugation are two critical biotransformation reactions in drug metabolism. Sulfation, a phase II biotransformation reaction, involves adding a polar sulfate group to a drug, enhancing its water solubility and promoting excretion. This process can either co-occur with or occur independently of glucuronidation. Nonmicrosomal sulfotransferase enzymes catalyze the process. The reaction involves 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate or PAPS coenzyme...
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Types of Hormones02:13

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Hormones can be classified into three main types based on their chemical structures: steroids, peptides, and amines. Their actions are mediated by the specific receptors they bind to on target cells.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Identifying Amino Acid Overproducers Using Rare-Codon-Rich Markers
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Identifying Amino Acid Overproducers Using Rare-Codon-Rich Markers

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The L-Type Amino Acid Transporter LAT1-An Emerging Target in Cancer.

Pascal Häfliger1, Roch-Philippe Charles2

  • 1Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Swiss National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. ph2548@cumc.columbia.edu.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|May 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Cancer cells require essential amino acids for rapid growth, relying on transporters like LAT1 (SLC7A5). This review covers LAT1

Keywords:
cancerinhibitorl-type amino acid transporter LAT1preclinical studiestargeted therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cancer cells exhibit chronic proliferation, necessitating high nutrient uptake.
  • Essential amino acids are critical for cancer cell division and mass duplication.
  • Membrane transporters tightly regulate amino acid uptake in proliferating cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding the role of LAT1 in cancer.
  • To highlight LAT1 as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific advances.
  • Analysis of preclinical studies on LAT1 function in cancer.
  • Examination of drug development targeting LAT1.

Main Results:

  • L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is frequently overexpressed across various cancer types.
  • LAT1 plays a crucial role in supplying essential amino acids to rapidly proliferating tumor cells.
  • Numerous preclinical studies support LAT1's significance in cancer progression.

Conclusions:

  • LAT1 is a critical transporter for essential amino acids in cancer cells.
  • The overexpression of LAT1 in many cancers presents a promising therapeutic target.
  • Ongoing drug development efforts focus on targeting LAT1 for cancer therapy.