Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

1.8K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
1.8K
Peroxisomes and Mitochondria01:30

Peroxisomes and Mitochondria

94.7K
Peroxisomes and mitochondria are two important oxygen-utilizing organelles in eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria carry out cellular respiration—the process that converts energy from food into ATP. Peroxisomes carry out a variety of functions, primarily breaking down different substances, such as fatty acids.
The peroxisome is a single membrane-bound cellular organelle that can perform several different functions, including lipid metabolism and chemical detoxification. The enzymes within...
94.7K
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

83.5K
Overview
83.5K
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

19.8K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
19.8K
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

127.2K
Overview
127.2K
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

12.4K
Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
12.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

What does BCL-2 do? From new molecular insights to the clinical implications.

Cell death and differentiation·2026
Same author

Secondary Necrosis Following Caspase-Activation can Occur Independently of Gasdermin E.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2025
Same author

Large transient assemblies of Apaf1 constitute the apoptosome in cells.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

A fat-fueled fatality.

Nature chemical biology·2025
Same author

Caspase-2 kills cells with extra centrosomes.

Science advances·2024
Same author

Mitochondria and cell death.

Nature cell biology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

A Novel Feeder-free System for Mass Production of Murine Natural Killer Cells In Vitro
10:36

A Novel Feeder-free System for Mass Production of Murine Natural Killer Cells In Vitro

Published on: January 9, 2018

7.5K

Mitochondria and pathogen immunity: from killer to firestarter.

Joel S Riley1,2, Stephen Wg Tait1,2

  • 1Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.

The EMBO Journal
|May 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Pathogens trigger cell defense by activating BAX/BAK, which damages mitochondria. This damage signals STING, leading to inflammatory cytokine release and boosting immune defense.

More Related Videos

Assay for Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern PAMP-Triggered Immunity PTI in Plants
08:45

Assay for Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern PAMP-Triggered Immunity PTI in Plants

Published on: September 9, 2009

27.8K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays
06:03

Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays

Published on: September 20, 2024

1.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 24, 2026

A Novel Feeder-free System for Mass Production of Murine Natural Killer Cells In Vitro
10:36

A Novel Feeder-free System for Mass Production of Murine Natural Killer Cells In Vitro

Published on: January 9, 2018

7.5K
Assay for Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern PAMP-Triggered Immunity PTI in Plants
08:45

Assay for Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern PAMP-Triggered Immunity PTI in Plants

Published on: September 9, 2009

27.8K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays
06:03

Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays

Published on: September 20, 2024

1.7K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Mitochondrial Research

Background:

  • Pathogens trigger innate immune responses, including inflammation.
  • Mitochondria play a role in cellular defense mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of mitochondrial apoptotic machinery in immune defense against pathogens.
  • To understand the signaling pathways linking mitochondrial damage to inflammatory responses.

Main Methods:

  • The study by Brokatzky et al. (2019) examined the effects of pathogen invasion on cellular components.
  • Analysis of BAX/BAK activation and mitochondrial permeabilization was performed.
  • STING-dependent signaling pathways were investigated in response to mitochondrial damage.

Main Results:

  • Pathogens activate BAX/BAK, leading to limited mitochondrial permeabilization.
  • Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release or DNA damage triggers STING-dependent pathways.
  • This process results in the expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Conclusions:

  • The mitochondrial apoptotic machinery plays an unexpected role in innate immune defense.
  • Mitochondrial damage serves as a signal for initiating inflammatory responses.
  • This finding reveals a novel link between apoptosis and immunity.