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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System01:26

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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
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Introduction To Health Care Delivery System01:18

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The healthcare system is constantly changing and complex. Various services are available from different healthcare providers, but gaining access to these services has become challenging for people with limited healthcare insurance. Uninsured people present a challenge to healthcare because they frequently postpone or forego treatment.
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Intravitreal Injections in the Ovine Eye
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Intravitreal nanoparticles for retinal delivery.

Xiaonan Huang1, Ying Chau1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered nanoparticles offer improved delivery of therapeutics to the retina for posterior ocular diseases. This review highlights recent advances and design principles for intravitreal nanoparticle drug delivery systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Intravitreal injection is key for posterior ocular diseases.
  • Current treatments face challenges like rapid clearance and poor retinal distribution.
  • Nanoparticles offer potential for targeted ocular drug delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent research on intravitreal nanoparticles for retinal drug delivery.
  • To highlight achievements and challenges in preclinical studies.
  • To discuss factors influencing intraocular distribution and transport.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of recent literature on intravitreal nanoparticles.
  • Analysis of pharmacokinetic parameters influencing nanoparticle behavior.
  • Discussion of rational design principles for targeted retinal delivery.

Main Results:

  • Nanoparticles show promise for enhanced retinal drug delivery.
  • Key parameters like size, charge, stability, and ligand modification impact distribution.
  • Preclinical research demonstrates significant progress.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered nanoparticles are a promising strategy for overcoming limitations in intravitreal drug delivery.
  • Understanding nanoparticle properties is crucial for effective retinal targeting.
  • Further research and rational design are needed to optimize intravitreal nanoparticle therapeutics.