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Related Concept Videos

Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

91.2K
The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow...
91.2K
Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

8.1K
Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism....
8.1K
G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

5.6K
GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...
5.6K
Ligand-gated Ion Channels01:19

Ligand-gated Ion Channels

14.0K
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when a ligand attaches to the binding site.
Three Subfamilies of Ligand-gated Ion Channels
Ligand-gated ion channels fall into three subfamilies. The 'Cys-loop' includes the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. The second one is the 'Pore-loop' channels that...
14.0K
Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

10.6K
Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
10.6K
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

7.6K
Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
7.6K

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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane
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Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane

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Lithium ion-selective membrane with 2D subnanometer channels.

Amir Razmjou1, Ghazaleh Eshaghi2, Yasin Orooji3

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 73441-81746, Iran; UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia.

Water Research
|May 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel membrane using sub-nanometer channels to selectively extract lithium ions (Li+) from solutions containing similar ions like sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+). This breakthrough offers efficient lithium separation for high demand.

Keywords:
Li ion selective membraneLithium extractionSubnanometer channelsTwo-dimensional materialsVermiculite

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Assembly and Characterization of Biomolecular Memristors Consisting of Ion Channel-doped Lipid Membranes
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Assembly and Characterization of Biomolecular Memristors Consisting of Ion Channel-doped Lipid Membranes

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Rising demand for lithium, crucial for electric vehicles and energy storage, has outpaced supply, leading to price increases.
  • Conventional membrane technologies struggle to efficiently and selectively separate lithium ions (Li+) from chemically similar monovalent cations like sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a highly selective and efficient membrane for lithium ion extraction.
  • To investigate the ion transport behavior within sub-nanometer channels.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a membrane using negatively charged 2D sub-nanometer hydrous phyllosilicate channels with a specific interlayer spacing.
  • Experimental observation of ion transport and selectivity.
  • Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations to understand ion movement within nanochannels.

Main Results:

  • The membrane demonstrated selective transport of Li+ over Na+ and K+, with selectivity ratios of 1.26 (Li+/Na+), 1.59 (Li+/K+), and 1.36 (Na+/K+).
  • The sub-nanometer channel structure and ion movement behavior (jumping between walls) were key to achieving high selectivity and transport rates.
  • The membrane effectively excluded divalent ions like Ca2+ and monovalent ions like Cl-.

Conclusions:

  • The study presents a novel membrane design based on sub-nanometer channels for efficient and selective lithium ion separation.
  • The findings offer new insights into ion transport mechanisms in confined nano-environments.
  • This work provides a platform for designing advanced ion-selective membranes for critical applications.