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The neural association between arithmetic and basic numerical processing depends on arithmetic problem size and not

Anna A Matejko1, Daniel Ansari2

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The intraparietal sulcus (IPS) supports both number processing and arithmetic. Its activation overlap is linked to cognitive operations, not age, and is influenced by arithmetic problem difficulty.

Keywords:
ArithmeticChildrenIPSNumber processingStrategyfMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • The intraparietal sulcus (IPS) is implicated in number processing and arithmetic.
  • Existing evidence for shared IPS circuitry relies on cross-study comparisons.
  • Neural overlap between number processing and arithmetic, and its modulation by age and problem difficulty, remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural overlap between basic number processing and arithmetic within the same individuals.
  • To examine how age and arithmetic problem difficulty influence this neural overlap in the IPS.

Main Methods:

  • Examined neural networks for basic number processing (symbol-quantity matching) and arithmetic (addition) in 26 adults and 42 children.
  • Utilized neuroimaging techniques to identify overlapping activity in the IPS.

Main Results:

  • Number processing and arithmetic showed overlapping IPS activity in both children and adults.
  • The overlap was influenced by arithmetic problem size, indicating reliance on procedural strategies.
  • IPS was recruited for number processing and for arithmetic problems requiring procedural strategies.
  • Overlap between number processing and small arithmetic problems in children mirrored that of large problems in adults.

Conclusions:

  • Shared circuitry in the IPS for number processing and arithmetic is confirmed within individuals.
  • The degree of neural overlap is associated with the cognitive operation's procedural demands, not chronological age.
  • Findings suggest age-invariant neural mechanisms underlying the number-arithmetic relationship in the IPS.