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Three-Dimensional Monolayer Stress Microscopy.

Ricardo Serrano1, Aereas Aung2, Yi-Ting Yeh3

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, San Diego, San Diego, California.

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|May 20, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new 3D Monolayer Stress Microscopy (MSM) method accounts for cell monolayer bending, revealing that bending stresses are localized and can exceed lateral deformation stresses, impacting cell processes like extravasation.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Mechanobiology

Background:

  • Cellular processes involve mechanical stress transmission in cell monolayers.
  • Existing Monolayer Stress Microscopy (MSM) methods assume planar geometry, neglecting bending effects.
  • Cell monolayers deform laterally and bend due to cell-generated stresses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce a novel three-dimensional (3D) MSM method to calculate intracellular stress, including bending.
  • Measure and analyze monolayer stress in endothelial cells using the new 3D MSM technique.
  • Investigate the spatial distribution and magnitude of lateral deformation and bending-induced stresses.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a 3D MSM by measuring 3D traction stresses on a flexible substrate.
  • Imposed force and moment equilibrium on the monolayer, using 3D traction stresses as external loads.
  • Numerically solved equilibrium equations and validated the algorithm with synthetic loads.

Main Results:

  • Lateral deformation stresses emerge collectively over long distances and become size-independent.
  • Bending-induced stresses are spatially concentrated near bending sites (1-2 cell lengths).
  • Bending stresses at cell island edges can exceed lateral deformation stresses; perturbations away from edges also induce localized bending.

Conclusions:

  • The 3D MSM method provides a more comprehensive understanding of monolayer biomechanics.
  • Localized bending stresses play a significant role in cell-cell interactions and tissue dynamics.
  • Bending-induced stresses are critical in processes like cellular extravasation, influencing monolayer permeability.