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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Phenotypic Analysis of Rodent Malaria Parasite Asexual and Sexual Blood Stages and Mosquito Stages
Published on: May 30, 2019
Blood-Stage Malaria Parasite Antigens: Structure, Function, and Vaccine Potential
Nichole D Salinas1, Wai Kwan Tang1, Niraj H Tolia1
1Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD,, 20892, USA.
Abstract:
Plasmodium parasites are the causative agent of malaria, a disease that kills approximately 450,000 individuals annually, with the majority of deaths occurring in children under the age of 5 years and the development of a malaria vaccine is a global health priority. Plasmodium parasites undergo a complex life cycle requiring numerous diverse protein families. The blood stage of parasite development results in the clinical manifestation of disease. A vaccine that disrupts the blood stage is highly desired and will aid in the control of malaria. The blood stage comprises multiple steps: invasion of, asexual growth within, and egress from red blood cells. This review focuses on blood-stage antigens with emphasis on antigen structure, antigen function, neutralizing antibodies, and vaccine potential.
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