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Related Concept Videos

Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

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The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

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IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management01:19

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The nursing management of Mitral Valve Prolapse, or MVP, centers around patient education, symptom monitoring, and lifestyle modifications.Patient Education on MVP Diagnosis and Heredity: Nurses should provide comprehensive education about MVP, a condition where the mitral valve does not close appropriately during heartbeats. This education often includes the condition's pathophysiology, symptoms, and potential complications, like arrhythmias or mitral regurgitation. Though not fully...
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Anatomy of the Heart01:27

Anatomy of the Heart

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The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
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Spontaneity02:21

Spontaneity

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A spontaneous process is one that occurs naturally under certain conditions. A nonspontaneous process, on the other hand, will not take place unless it is “driven” by the continual input of energy from an external source. Processes have a natural tendency to occur in one direction under a given set of conditions. Water will naturally flow downhill (spontaneous process), but uphill flow (nonspontaneous process) requires outside intervention such as the use of a pump. Iron exposed to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Layer Microdissection of Tricuspid Valve Leaflets for Biaxial Mechanical Characterization and Microstructural Quantification
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Tricuspid and Pulmonic Valve Pathology.

Gregory A Fishbein1, Michael C Fishbein2

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, CHS 13-145, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. gfishbein@mednet.ucla.edu.

Current Cardiology Reports
|May 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This review covers normal structure and pathology of right-sided heart valves and chambers. It highlights evolving endocarditis patterns and new diagnostic techniques for cardiac dysfunction.

Keywords:
Carcinoid valve diseaseCongenital heart diseaseEndocarditisIntravenous drug usePulmonic valveRegurgitationStenosisTricuspid valve

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiac Pathology

Background:

  • Established knowledge of cardiac anatomy and pathology.
  • Evolving patterns of infective endocarditis.
  • Increased clinical relevance of right-sided valve abnormalities due to novel interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the normal structure of right-sided cardiac valves and chambers.
  • To detail the pathologic changes affecting these structures.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of right-sided valvular and chamber pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cardiac anatomy and pathology.
  • Analysis of recent findings in endocarditis and cardiac dysfunction.
  • Synthesis of information on diagnostic techniques and interventions.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of normal right-sided cardiac structures.
  • Discussion of various pathologic entities affecting right-sided valves and chambers.
  • Emphasis on the changing landscape of endocarditis and its clinical implications.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding right-sided cardiac pathology remains crucial.
  • Advancements in diagnostics and interventions enhance the clinical relevance of these findings.
  • The review consolidates current knowledge on right-sided cardiac valve and chamber diseases.