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Methods for questionnaire design: a taxonomy linking procedures to test goals
Paul Oosterveld1, Harrie C M Vorst2, Niels Smits3
1Developmental Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Summary
This study introduces a taxonomy for questionnaire design methods, linking them to psychometric goals. It provides a framework to guide developers and users in selecting appropriate methods for test construction.
Area of Science:
- Psychometrics
- Questionnaire Development
- Test Construction
Background:
- Questionnaires are widely used in clinical settings, yet methods for their construction lack clear classification and justification.
- Existing approaches to questionnaire design are diverse, with limited guidance for developers and users.
- A standardized framework is needed to understand and apply different questionnaire construction methods effectively.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present a novel taxonomy for classifying methods of questionnaire design.
- To link specific design methods to their intended psychometric goals.
- To provide a structured approach for guiding test developers and users in questionnaire construction.
Main Methods:
- The study proposes a taxonomy based on four stages of test construction: concept analysis, item production, scale construction, and evaluation.
- Six distinct methods are identified within the scale construction stage: rational, prototypical, internal, external, construct, and facet methods.
- Each method is characterized by its approach to optimizing specific psychometric aspects like face validity, process validity, homogeneity, criterion validity, construct validity, and content validity.
Main Results:
- The developed taxonomy categorizes questionnaire design methods based on their psychometric objectives.
- It details six methods: rational (face validity), prototypical (process validity), internal (homogeneity), external (criterion validity), construct (construct validity), and facet (content validity).
- The taxonomy clarifies how each method contributes to achieving specific psychometric properties.
Conclusions:
- The proposed taxonomy offers a comprehensive and useful tool for describing questionnaire design procedures.
- It facilitates the creation of test construction plans by explicitly defining priorities among psychometric aspects.
- This framework aids in making informed decisions regarding the selection of questionnaire design methods.
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