Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Quantitative Assessment of Cortical Auditory-tactile Processing in Children with Disabilities
09:38

Quantitative Assessment of Cortical Auditory-tactile Processing in Children with Disabilities

Published on: January 29, 2014

11.2K

Intellectual disability among special children and its associated factors: A case control study, Lahore Pakistan

Naureen Omar1, Farkhanda Kokab2

  • 1Community Health Sciences, FMH College of Medicine and Dentistry, Lahore.

JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
|May 21, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Intellectual disability in children is associated with factors like consanguinity and delayed cry. Breastfeeding showed a protective effect, highlighting the importance of parental and environmental influences on cognitive development.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Genetics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Intellectual disability (ID) is a complex developmental condition.
  • Identifying associated risk factors is crucial for early intervention and prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between maternal, paternal, and social factors and intellectual disability in children.
  • To identify potential risk and protective factors for intellectual disability.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study was conducted in Lahore, Pakistan, involving 149 intellectually disabled children and 149 healthy controls (aged 6-15 years).
  • Data were collected via interviews using a pre-tested structured questionnaire.
  • Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 17.

Main Results:

  • Significant associations were found between intellectual disability and consanguinity (p=0.001), father's educational status (p=0.03), paternal history of mental retardation (p=0.01), and history of delayed cry (p=0.001).
  • Breastfeeding demonstrated a protective association (p=0.03).

Conclusions:

  • Parental, social, environmental, and familial factors significantly contribute to intellectual disability.
  • These findings underscore the need for comprehensive approaches addressing these factors in ID prevention and management.
Abstract

Keywords:
Intellectual disability, Factors, Advanced maternal age, Consanguinity, Asphyxia, Trauma

More Related Videos

Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools11:29

Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools

Published on: June 20, 2020

9.7K
Studying Brain Function in Children Using Magnetoencephalography08:00

Studying Brain Function in Children Using Magnetoencephalography

Published on: April 8, 2019

9.6K

Related Concept Videos

Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
693
Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
583
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
417
Special Staining Techniques01:13

Special Staining Techniques

Specialized staining techniques play a vital role in microbiology by enabling the visualization of specific bacterial structures that remain undetectable with standard microscopy methods. These techniques not only enhance the structural visualization of bacterial cells but also provide critical insights into their pathogenicity and classification. Additionally, they support diagnostic and research endeavors in microbiology by identifying key bacterial features.Capsule Staining for Virulence...
1.2K
Introduction to Special Senses01:26

Introduction to Special Senses

Sensory receptors play an integral part in comprehending our external and internal environments. They receive diverse stimuli, converting them into the nervous system's electrochemical signals. This conversion occurs as the stimulus alters the sensory neuron's cell membrane potential, instigating the generation of an action potential. This action potential is subsequently transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates with other sensory data or higher cognitive...
7.3K
Specialized Characteristics of Cardiac Muscles01:27

Specialized Characteristics of Cardiac Muscles

The primary role of cardiac muscles is to propel blood throughout the cardiovascular system. The cardiac muscle cells, or cardiomyocytes, exhibit specialized characteristics that allow them to perform this function.
Cardiac muscle cells are smaller than skeletal muscles, averaging 10–20 mm in diameter and 50–100 mm in length. However, they have large energy demands for continuous contraction and relaxation. This energy is almost exclusively derived from aerobic metabolism of energy...
4.0K