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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Polarization and Characterization of M1 and M2 Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages on Implant Surfaces
Published on: December 6, 2024
[Effects of IL-1β Pretreated Adipose Tissue-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on VEGF Secretion and Macrophage M2
Liu Liu1, Lin Liu2, Li-Chuan Liang3
1Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China.
Objective:
To investigate the effects of interleukin (IL)-1β preteated adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion and macrophages M2 polarization.
Methods:
After IL-1β pretreated ADMSC for 24 h, the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was detected using Western blot, and the secretions of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and VEGF were measured by ELISA method. Conditioned media collected from ADMSCs was used for culturing PMA-U937 macrophages for 72 h, and the expressions of CD163 and IL-10 mRNAs were detected using qRT-PCR. After inhibition of COX-2 expression in ADMSCs by Lentivirus silencing, secretion of VEGF and CD163 and IL-10 mRNA expressions were detected.
Results:
IL-1β pretreating ADMSCs increased the expression level of COX-2, enhanced PGE2 and VEGF secretions (P<0.05). In addition, the mRNA levels of CD163 and IL-10 were upregulated when ADMSCs were pretreated by IL-1β in PMA-U937 cells. After downregulation of COX-2 in ADMSCs, the secretion of VEGF was suppressed, and the mRNA levels of CD163 and IL-10 were also significantly down-regulated.
Conclusion:
IL-1β pretreatment enhanced the secretion of PGE2 and VEGF, and induced macrophage M2 polarization, which depended on COX-2-PGE2 signal pathway.
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