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Related Concept Videos

Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling01:26

Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling

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During leveling, the Earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction introduce deviations in the line of sight from a true horizontal reference. When the line of sight is leveled, it remains perpendicular to the plumb line only at a single point. Beyond this, it deviates due to the Earth’s curvature, represented by the correction C. For a sight distance D, the deviation can be derived using the relationship:This relationship shows that the deviation increases quadratically with distance. Over a...
914

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening
05:36

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening

Published on: October 18, 2024

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Refractive surgery.

Tae-Im Kim1, Jorge L Alió Del Barrio2, Mark Wilkins3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.

Lancet (London, England)
|May 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Refractive surgery now offers diverse options beyond lasers for correcting vision. Advanced techniques like small incision lenticule extraction and future implants provide personalized solutions for various refractive errors.

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Ye's Swing Technique for Small-incision Lenticule Extraction Surgery
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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Corneal Surgery
  • Refractive Error Correction

Background:

  • Refractive surgery has advanced significantly beyond traditional laser techniques.
  • Established procedures like LASIK, LASEK, and PRK offer safe and effective visual outcomes for low-to-moderate refractive errors.
  • A wider array of surgical options is now available to address diverse refractive conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution and current landscape of refractive surgery.
  • To highlight advancements in surgical techniques for refractive error correction.
  • To discuss emerging and future refractive surgery options.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current laser refractive surgery procedures.
  • Discussion of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and its benefits.
  • Exploration of future technologies including intracorneal implants, phakic intraocular lenses, and refractive lens exchange.

Main Results:

  • Laser in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK), laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK), and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) are safe and effective for low-to-moderate ametropia.
  • Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) offers potential advantages like enhanced corneal strength and reduced dry eye.
  • Phakic intraocular implants and refractive lens exchange are viable for high ametropia in selected patients.

Conclusions:

  • Refractive surgery has expanded to include a broad spectrum of techniques.
  • Patient-specific risk-benefit profiles guide the selection of appropriate refractive correction.
  • Future innovations promise further advancements in treating hyperopia, presbyopia, and high refractive errors.