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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Metabolism01:40

Overview of Metabolism

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Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
Plant Metabolism
Sunlight, the primary source of energy in plants, is first absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments present in their leaves. Plants then use this energy to carry out photosynthesis, where water is oxidized into oxygen and carbon dioxide...
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Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview01:18

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Neutral hydrocarbons like cyclopentadiene with an odd number of carbon atoms and one intervening CH2 group in the ring are not aromatic. Cyclopentadiene with 4 π electrons does not satisfy the 4n + 2 π electron rule. Additionally, the intervening CH2 group is sp3 hybridized and lacks a vacant p orbital, thereby interrupting the overlap of p orbitals in a continuous manner and preventing the delocalization of π electrons throughout the ring.
Due to the absence of continuous...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism01:19

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Carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process that ensures a constant supply of energy to living cells. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, which can be broken down via glycolysis to enter into the Krebs cycle and eventually lead to the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
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Overview of Lipid Metabolism01:24

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Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
Lipolysis: The Breakdown of Lipids:
Lipolysis is the process of breaking down lipids, particularly triglycerides, into glycerol and fatty acids. This process typically occurs in the adipose tissue and is triggered by various hormones, including glucagon and...
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Overview of Protein Metabolism01:21

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Proteins are broken down into amino acids during digestion. Unlike fats and carbohydrates, which are stored for later use, proteins are not. Instead, amino acids are either used to produce ATP through oxidation or contribute to the creation of new proteins for the growth and repair of the body. Any surplus amino acids from the diet are converted into glucose or triglycerides rather than excreted.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Sheathless Capillary Electrophoresis&#8211;Mass Spectrometry for Metabolic Profiling of Biological Samples
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CE-MS for anionic metabolic profiling: An overview of methodological developments.

Marlien van Mever1, Thomas Hankemeier2, Rawi Ramautar1

  • 1Biomedical Microscale Analytics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Electrophoresis
|May 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) offers potential for analyzing anionic metabolites, especially in small biological samples. Further development and validation are needed to establish CE-MS as a reliable metabolomics technique.

Keywords:
Anionic metabolic profilingApplicationsMass SpectrometryMetabolomicsMethodological Developments

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Metabolomics

Background:

  • Profiling polar and charged metabolites, particularly acidic ones, presents significant analytical challenges in metabolomics.
  • Existing analytical techniques struggle with sensitivity and selectivity for these compounds, especially with limited sample volumes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) for anionic metabolic profiling.
  • To highlight methodological advancements in CE-MS for analyzing anionic metabolites.
  • To assess the utility of CE-MS for small-volume biological samples.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on CE-MS methods for anionic metabolic profiling.
  • Focus on improvements in separation conditions and CE-MS interfacing.
  • Compilation of CE-MS methods in a table detailing sample type, separation, mass analyzer, and LODs.

Main Results:

  • CE-MS shows promise for anionic metabolic profiling, particularly for small sample sizes.
  • Methodological developments have improved selectivity and sensitivity.
  • A comprehensive table of CE-MS methods is presented.

Conclusions:

  • CE-MS is a viable technique for anionic metabolic profiling, especially for limited sample volumes.
  • Further research is needed to enhance sensitivity and reliability.
  • Standardized validation and operating procedures are crucial for wider adoption in metabolomics.