Questionnaire survey on association between preeclampsia and incontinentia pigmenti
Xiaoyan Sun1,2, Yu Huang3, Dayong Si4
1Clinical Laboratory Department, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Insights
Mothers with incontinentia pigmenti (IP) carrying an IP fetus face increased risks of preeclampsia (PE) symptoms like hypertension and proteinuria. Simultaneous IP in mother and fetus heightens the likelihood of PE-associated clinical manifestations during pregnancy.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Genetics
- Dermatology
Background:
- Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a rare X-linked dominant genetic disorder affecting skin, CNS, eyes, and teeth.
- Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious pregnancy complication characterized by hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between incontinentia pigmenti (IP) and preeclampsia (PE).
- To assess pregnancy complications in mothers with IP, particularly when carrying a fetus with IP.
Main Methods:
- A questionnaire survey was administered to 147 mothers whose children were diagnosed with IP.
- Mothers were categorized into groups based on their IP status and fetal IP status.
- Clinical manifestations and pregnancy complications, including hypertension, proteinuria, and edema, were analyzed.
Main Results:
- Mothers with IP carrying an IP fetus showed a higher incidence of hypertension, proteinuria, and edema compared to non-IP mothers carrying an IP fetus.
- While not statistically significant, mothers in the IP group were more likely to present with concurrent PE symptoms and receive a PE diagnosis.
- Specific findings included new-onset hypertension (P=0.024), proteinuria (P=0.013), and edema (P=0.016) in mothers with IP.
Conclusions:
- Simultaneous occurrence of IP in both mother and fetus is associated with an increased likelihood of PE-related clinical manifestations during pregnancy.
- This suggests a potential link between IP and heightened PE risk, warranting further investigation.
Aim:
In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted to find the relationship between preeclampsia (PE) and incontinentia pigmenti (IP).
Methods:
Using a questionnaire survey of 147 women whose children were diagnosed with IP, this study first investigated their clinical manifestations and complications during pregnancy. The manifestations included high blood pressure, proteinuria and edema after 20 weeks of gestation. Women with and without IP were separated into two groups, then analyzed accordingly.
Results:
There were 45 mothers with IP in the case group and 102 mothers without IP in the control group. IP mothers who were pregnant with an IP fetus were at higher risk for hypertension, proteinuria, and edema during pregnancy as compared with non-IP mothers that carried an IP fetus. Out of these 147 mothers, 8 mothers with IP and 6 mothers without IP presented with new-onset hypertension during pregnancy (P = 0.024)，7 mothers with IP and 4 mothers without IP presented with new-onset proteinuria during pregnancy (P = 0.013)，and 21 IP mothers and 27 non-IP mothers presented with edema during pregnancy (P = 0.016). Although no statistical difference was observed, mothers in the case group were more likely to develop the above three symptoms concurrently (6.7% vs 2.0%; P = 0.168), and were more likely to be diagnosed with PE (8.9% vs 3.9%; P = 0.249).
Conclusion:
Our study revealed that the simultaneous occurrence of IP in the mother and fetus increased the likelihood of clinical manifestations associated with PE during pregnancy.
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