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Therapeutic perspective on vascular cognitive impairment

Kensuke Toyama1, Joshua M Spin2, Masaki Mogi1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan.

Pharmacological Research
|May 21, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Vascular risk factors contribute to dementia, often linked to blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruptions. MicroRNAs regulate BBB tight junctions, offering potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for vascular cognitive impairment.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Dementia is a major public health challenge for aging populations.
  • Research has shifted from amyloid-β to vascular risk factors in dementia.
  • Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is increasingly recognized as a significant component of dementia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of microRNAs in regulating blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity.
  • To explore the potential of microRNAs as biomarkers for BBB dysfunction in VCI.
  • To envision future therapeutic strategies targeting microRNAs for dementia treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on microRNAs, VCI, and BBB.
  • Analysis of imaging studies showing BBB disruptions in VCI patients.
  • Examination of microRNA regulation of tight junctions in cerebral endothelial cells.

Main Results:

  • Vascular risk factors are strongly associated with various forms of dementia.
  • Blood-brain barrier disruptions are observed in the white matter of VCI patients.
  • MicroRNAs play a crucial role in regulating the tight junctions essential for BBB function.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting blood vessels and BBB integrity is a promising therapeutic avenue for dementia.
  • MicroRNAs represent potential biomarkers for BBB dysfunction in VCI.
  • Further research into microRNA mechanisms could lead to novel dementia treatments.

Keywords:
Blood-Brain barrierVascular cognitive impairmentmicroRNA

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