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Processing differences between monolingual and bilingual young adults on an emotion n-back task.

Ryan M Barker1, Ellen Bialystok1

  • 1York University, Canada.

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|May 21, 2019
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Summary

Bilingualism enhances executive control (EC), improving working memory and emotion regulation. Bilinguals showed better accuracy and less impact from emotional distractions during cognitive tasks compared to monolinguals.

Keywords:
BilingualismEmotion regulationEvent-related potentialsN-back taskWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Bilingualism is linked to enhanced executive control (EC) across the lifespan.
  • Working memory and emotion regulation rely on EC, but their relationship with bilingualism requires further investigation.
  • Understanding these links can illuminate cognitive advantages conferred by bilingualism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationship between bilingualism, working memory, and non-verbal emotion regulation.
  • To investigate how bilingualism affects cognitive performance under emotional distraction.
  • To examine the neural underpinnings of these effects using electroencephalography (EEG).

Main Methods:

  • Administered an n-back task with emotional distractors to young adult monolinguals and bilinguals.
  • Recorded continuous electroencephalography (EEG) to measure neural activity.
  • Analyzed behavioral performance (accuracy, speed) and event-related potentials (P300).

Main Results:

  • Bilinguals exhibited superior accuracy on the 2-back task compared to monolinguals, with less performance decline due to emotional stimuli.
  • P300 amplitudes showed greater attenuation in bilinguals in response to emotional distractors, indicating more efficient neural processing.
  • Monolinguals' P300 latencies increased with emotional intensity, unlike bilinguals, suggesting differential emotional processing.

Conclusions:

  • Bilingualism confers resilience against emotional distraction, enhancing executive control and working memory performance.
  • Neural mechanisms, particularly P300 modulation, reflect bilinguals' more efficient cognitive and emotional regulation.
  • Findings suggest bilinguals recruit distinct neural networks to manage cognitive load and emotional interference.