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Motion Of A Charged Particle In A Magnetic Field

Motion Of A Charged Particle In A Magnetic Field

A charged particle experiences a force when moving through a magnetic field. Consider the field to be uniform and the charged particle to move perpendicular to it. If the field is in a vacuum, the magnetic field is the dominant factor determining the motion. Since the magnetic force is perpendicular to the direction of motion, a charged particle follows a curved path. The particle continues to follow this curved path until it forms a complete circle. Another way to look at this is that the...

Magnetic Fields

Magnetic Fields

A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...

Magnetic Field of a Solenoid

Magnetic Field of a Solenoid

A solenoid is a conducting wire coated with an insulating material, wound tightly in the form of a helical coil. The magnetic field due to a solenoid is the vector sum of the magnetic fields due to its individual turns. Therefore, for an ideal solenoid, the magnetic field within the solenoid is directly proportional to the number of turns per unit length and the current. Conversely, the magnetic field outside the solenoid is zero.
Consider a solenoid with 100 turns wrapped around a cylinder of...

Magnetic Field Lines

Magnetic Field Lines

The representation of magnetic fields by magnetic field lines is very useful in visualizing the strength and direction of the magnetic field. Each of the magnetic field lines forms a closed loop. The field lines emerge from the north pole (N), loop around to the south pole (S), and continue through the bar magnet back to the north pole.
Magnetic field lines follow several hard-and-fast rules:

Energy In A Magnetic Field

Energy In A Magnetic Field

If a magnetic field is sustained, there must be a current in a closed circuit or loop, implying some energy has been spent in creating the field. If this energy is not dissipated via the circuit's resistance, it is stored in the field.
Take an ideal inductor with zero resistance. Although it's practically impossible, assume that the coil's resistance is so small that it is practically negligible. The loss of the field's energy to dissipate thermal energy (or heat) is thus...

Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop

Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop

Consider a circular loop with a radius a, that carries a current I. The magnetic field due to the current at an arbitrary point P along the axis of the loop can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability

Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability

Published on: March 3, 2017

Rotating-field-driven ensembles of magnetic particles.

M Belovs¹, M Brics¹, A Cēbers¹

¹MMML Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 3, Rīga LV-1002, Latvia.

Physical Review. E

|May 22, 2019

Summary

Magnetic particle ensembles exhibit complex vortex patterns when driven by rotating fields. Their dynamics reveal distinct regimes, including solid-body rotation and stick-slip motion, with a new formula aligning with experimental results.

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Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

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Published on: February 4, 2017

Area of Science:

Physics
Materials Science
Soft Matter Physics

Background:

Ensembles of magnetic particles exhibit complex behaviors when subjected to external fields.
Understanding nonequilibrium dynamics is crucial for applications in micro-robotics and data storage.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate vortex patterns and dynamics in magnetic particle ensembles driven by a rotating field.
To characterize the different dynamic regimes and their dependence on field frequency.
To develop a theoretical relation for solid-body rotation and compare it with experimental data.

Main Methods:

Theoretical study of magnetic particle ensembles.
Analysis of lubrication forces and their role in driving particle motion.
Identification and characterization of distinct dynamic regimes (solid-body rotation, stick-slip motion).

Main Results:

Lubrication forces drive ensembles into a nonequilibrium state due to unbalanced radial forces.
Two primary dynamic regimes were identified: solid-body rotation at low frequencies and stick-slip motion at higher frequencies.
A novel relation for angular velocity during solid-body rotation was derived and found to agree well with experimental data.

Conclusions:

The study elucidates the complex nonequilibrium dynamics of driven magnetic particle ensembles.
The findings provide a theoretical framework for understanding vortex formation and motion in such systems.
The validated relation for solid-body rotation offers predictive power for experimental systems.