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Chemical spill exposure assessment.

S M Brown, A Silvers

    Risk Analysis : an Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis
    |September 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    The PCB On-Site Spill Model (POSSM) predicts chemical concentrations and environmental losses after a spill. This contaminant transport model is applicable to various organic compounds and spill scenarios.

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    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Science
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Risk Assessment

    Background:

    • Chemical spills pose risks to soil, vegetation, and groundwater.
    • Accurate modeling is crucial for predicting contaminant transport and environmental impact.
    • Existing models may not cover diverse spill scenarios or cleanup practices.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce the PCB On-Site Spill Model (POSSM) for predicting environmental concentrations after chemical spills.
    • To assess the model's capability in analyzing contaminant transport in various environmental matrices.
    • To evaluate the impact of different spill cleanup strategies on contaminant levels.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a contaminant transport model (POSSM) simulating daily chemical concentration changes.
    • Incorporation of environmental compartments: soil, vegetation, and impervious surfaces.
    • Inclusion of loss mechanisms: volatilization, surface runoff/soil erosion, and leaching.
    • Application of the model to a hypothetical capacitor spill scenario.

    Main Results:

    • POSSM accurately predicts daily chemical concentrations on-site.
    • The model quantifies chemical losses through volatilization, runoff, erosion, and leaching.
    • Analysis of spill cleanup practices demonstrates their impact on environmental concentrations.
    • The model's applicability was confirmed for PCBs and other organic compounds.

    Conclusions:

    • POSSM provides a robust tool for assessing environmental risks associated with chemical spills.
    • The model aids in understanding contaminant fate and transport in diverse environments.
    • POSSM supports informed decision-making for spill response and remediation efforts.

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