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Published on: September 11, 2018
Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Potential Applications in Kidney Diseases
Benjamin Bochon1, Magdalena Kozubska2, Grzegorz Surygała3
1Psychiatric Services of Thurgovia, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Salzburg, 8596 Münsterlingen, Switzerland. benjaminbochon@yahoo.com.
Abstract:
Mesenchymal stem cells constitute a pool of cells present throughout the lifetime in numerous niches, characteristic of unlimited replication potential and the ability to differentiate into mature cells of mesodermal tissues in vitro. The therapeutic potential of these cells is, however, primarily associated with their capabilities of inhibiting inflammation and initiating tissue regeneration. Owing to these properties, mesenchymal stem cells (derived from the bone marrow, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and increasingly urine) are the subject of research in the settings of kidney diseases in which inflammation plays the key role. The most advanced studies, with the first clinical trials, apply to ischemic acute kidney injury, renal transplantation, lupus and diabetic nephropathies, in which beneficial clinical effects of cells themselves, as well as their culture medium, were observed. The study findings imply that mesenchymal stem cells act predominantly through secreted factors, including, above all, microRNAs contained within extracellular vesicles. Research over the coming years will focus on this secretome as a possible therapeutic agent void of the potential carcinogenicity of the cells.
Insights
Mesenchymal stem cells show therapeutic potential for kidney diseases by reducing inflammation and promoting regeneration. Their beneficial effects are mainly mediated by secreted factors, particularly microRNAs in extracellular vesicles.
Area of Science:
- Regenerative Medicine
- Stem Cell Biology
- Nephrology
Background:
- Mesenchymal stem cells possess self-renewal and differentiation capabilities.
- Their therapeutic effects involve anti-inflammatory and tissue-regenerative properties.
- These cells are explored for treating kidney diseases where inflammation is prominent.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells in kidney diseases.
- To understand the mechanisms underlying their beneficial effects, focusing on secreted factors.
Main Methods:
- Review of studies on mesenchymal stem cells in kidney disease models and clinical trials.
- Analysis of the role of cell-secreted factors, including extracellular vesicles and microRNAs.
Main Results:
- Mesenchymal stem cells demonstrated beneficial clinical effects in conditions like ischemic acute kidney injury, renal transplantation, lupus, and diabetic nephropathies.
- Evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cells primarily exert their effects through secreted factors, notably microRNAs within extracellular vesicles.
Conclusions:
- Mesenchymal stem cells hold promise for treating inflammatory kidney diseases.
- The secretome, particularly microRNA-carrying extracellular vesicles, represents a potential cell-free therapeutic strategy, avoiding risks of cell-based therapies.
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