Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gene Flow02:39

Gene Flow

37.6K
Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
37.6K
Cardiac Catheterization III: Left Heart Catheterization01:24

Cardiac Catheterization III: Left Heart Catheterization

630
Left heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the function and structure of the left side of the heart. It is generally performed to diagnose and treat cardiovascular conditions such as valve abnormalities, coronary artery disease, and congenital heart defects.Diagnostic and therapeutic purposesLeft heart catheterization serves various diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Assessing coronary artery bypass grafts.Evaluating coronary artery disease in...
630
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

500
Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
500
Blood Flow01:29

Blood Flow

75.7K
Blood is pumped by the heart into the aorta, the largest artery in the body, and then into increasingly smaller arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. The velocity of blood flow decreases with increased cross-sectional blood vessel area. As blood returns to the heart through venules and veins, its velocity increases. The movement of blood is encouraged by smooth muscle in the vessel walls, the movement of skeletal muscle surrounding the vessels, and one-way valves that prevent backflow.
75.7K
Couette Flow01:22

Couette Flow

982
Couette flow represents the flow of fluid between two parallel plates, with one plate fixed and the other moving with a constant velocity. This configuration allows for a simplified analysis using the Navier-Stokes equations, which govern fluid motion under conditions of viscosity and incompressibility. For Couette flow, the assumptions include a steady, laminar, incompressible flow with a zero-pressure gradient in the flow direction. This flow type is beneficial for understanding shear-driven...
982
Laminar Flow01:27

Laminar Flow

2.2K
Laminar flow represents a smooth, orderly fluid motion where particles move along parallel paths, resulting in minimal mixing between layers. Streamlined particle paths characterize this flow regime and occur under conditions where viscous forces dominate over inertial forces. The distinction between laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow is primarily determined by the Reynolds number, a dimensionless quantity calculated as:
2.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Associations between fat distribution and obstructive sleep apnea severity among individuals with type 2 diabetes: an MRI-based study.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Corrigendum to "4D Flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance consensus statement: 2023 update" [Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 25 (2023) 40].

Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance·2026
Same author

Rare type I collagen variants in early-onset bicuspid aortic valve disease: Overlap with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and osteogenesis imperfecta.

HGG advances·2026
Same author

Cardiac MRI in cardiac dystrophinopathy: recommendations on imaging.

Open heart·2026
Same author

Comparison of commercial 1Tx32Rx vs. 8Tx32Rx head coils for routine 7T neuroimaging.

Frontiers in neuroimaging·2026
Same author

Modelling Motion-Induced Signal Corruption in Steady-State Diffusion MRI.

Magnetic resonance in medicine·2026
Same journal

Automated AI-Based Aortic Measurements From Attenuation Correction CT as an Adjunctive Cardiovascular Risk Biomarker: An International Multicenter Study.

Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging·2026
Same journal

CMR Reveals the Influence of Trigger and Classification on the Myocardial Tissue Response in Takotsubo Syndrome.

Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging·2026
Same journal

Opening a New Path to Explore With Molecular Imaging: The Adrenal-Cardiac Axis!

Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging·2026
Same journal

Unmuting the Silent Progression of Tricuspid Regurgitation: The Forward-Flow Perspective on RV-PA Coupling.

Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging·2026
Same journal

Prognostic Implications of RV-Arterial Coupling Estimated by CMR in a Large Cohort of Tricuspid Regurgitation Patients.

Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging·2026
Same journal

Past, Present, and Future of Evaluating Diastolic Function.

Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Echocardiographic Characterization of Left Ventricular Structure, Function, and Coronary Flow in Neonate Mice
07:55

Echocardiographic Characterization of Left Ventricular Structure, Function, and Coronary Flow in Neonate Mice

Published on: April 7, 2022

3.6K

Left Ventricular Flow Analysis.

Victoria M Stoll1, Aaron T Hess1, Christopher T Rodgers1,2

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, United Kingdom (V.M.S., A.T.H., C.T.R., M.M.B., S.G.M., S.N.).

Circulation. Cardiovascular Imaging
|May 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Altered left ventricular blood flow, specifically reduced direct flow kinetic energy (KE), independently predicts functional capacity in heart failure patients. This finding highlights 4-dimensional flow parameters as novel prognostic biomarkers.

Keywords:
biomarkersheart failuremagnetic resonance imagingprognosiswalk test

More Related Videos

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
06:34

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography

Published on: October 28, 2020

4.6K
Studying Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling by Aortic Debanding in Rodents
07:26

Studying Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling by Aortic Debanding in Rodents

Published on: July 14, 2021

5.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Echocardiographic Characterization of Left Ventricular Structure, Function, and Coronary Flow in Neonate Mice
07:55

Echocardiographic Characterization of Left Ventricular Structure, Function, and Coronary Flow in Neonate Mice

Published on: April 7, 2022

3.6K
Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
06:34

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography

Published on: October 28, 2020

4.6K
Studying Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling by Aortic Debanding in Rodents
07:26

Studying Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling by Aortic Debanding in Rodents

Published on: July 14, 2021

5.5K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Cardiac remodeling post-myocardial insult can lead to heart failure.
  • The link between left ventricular (LV) blood flow alterations, including kinetic energy (KE), and cardiac remodeling is not well understood.
  • This study investigated the relationship between LV blood flow derangements and markers of cardiac remodeling, energetics, and patient prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if alterations in LV blood flow, specifically KE, correlate with cardiac remodeling.
  • To assess the association between LV blood flow characteristics and biochemical markers, cardiac energetics, and patient-reported symptoms and functional capacity.
  • To identify novel predictors of functional capacity in heart failure patients.

Main Methods:

  • 34 dilated cardiomyopathy patients, 30 ischemic cardiomyopathy patients, and 36 controls underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with 4-dimensional flow.
  • Measurements included brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and symptom quantification.
  • LV flow was analyzed into components (direct flow, retained inflow, delayed ejection flow, residual volume), and average KE was calculated.

Main Results:

  • Patients exhibited reduced direct flow proportion and direct-flow average KE compared to controls (P<0.0001).
  • Residual volume proportion and average KE were increased in patients (P<0.0001).
  • Direct-flow average KE and age were independent predictors of 6MWT performance (R²=0.466, P=0.002), outperforming ejection fraction and LV volumes.

Conclusions:

  • Direct-flow average KE is an independent predictor of functional capacity in heart failure patients.
  • Intracardiac 4-dimensional flow parameters represent novel biomarkers for monitoring heart failure therapies and prognosis.
  • These findings suggest a significant role for hemodynamic assessment in understanding and managing heart failure progression.